Pedestrian Detection and Tracking System Based on Deep-SORT, YOLOv5, and New Data Association Metrics

Pedestrian tracking and detection have become critical aspects of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), due to their academic and commercial potential. Their objective is to locate various pedestrians in videos and assign them unique identities. The data association task is problematic, particularly when dealing with inter-pedestrian occlusion. This occurs when multiple pedestrians cross paths or move too close together, making it difficult for the system to identify and track individual pedestrians. Inaccurate tracking can lead to false alarms, missed detections, and incorrect decisions. To overcome this challenge, our paper focuses on improving data association in our pedestrian detection system’s Deep-SORT tracking algorithm, which is solved as a linear optimization problem using a newly generated cost matrix. We introduce a set of new data association cost matrices that rely on metrics such as intersections, distances, and bounding boxes. To evaluate trackers in real time, we use YOLOv5 to identify pedestrians in images. We also perform experimental evaluations on the Multiple Object Tracking 17 (MOT17) challenge dataset. The proposed cost matrices demonstrate promising results, showing an improvement in most MOT performance metrics compared to the default intersection over union (IOU) data association cost matrix

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS phytochemical investigation, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of Moroccan Rosa canina L. extracts

The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic composition and evaluate the biological properties of Rosa canina L. fruits. Three extraction methods (ultrasonic, maceration, and Soxhlet) were used to prepare the methanolic extracts. LC-MS analysis detected new phenolic compounds including phenolic acids (cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid), flavonols (quercetin glucoside, quercetin-glucuronide, quercetin-pentoside, kaempferol-glucoside), and hydrolyzable tannins (digalloylglucose, pyrogallol-2-O-glucuronide). According to Folin-Ciocalteu test, the TPC values were 138.47, 141.10, and 140.49 mg GAE/g extract for ultrasonic, maceration, and Soxhlet method, respectively. This phenolic richness was confirmed by the antioxidant power tests and FRAP assay. The ultrasonic extract presented IC50 of 30.12 μg/mL for the DPPH test, the Soxhlet extract had a concentration of 264.33 μmol TE/g extract for the ABTS test, and the maceration extract showed a level of 87.26 mg AAE/g extract, according to the FRAP assay. The anti-diabetic activity was determined by an α-amylase inhibition test. Based on this test, R. canina fruits revealed a significant antidiabetic activity (65.28%) for the ultrasonic extract at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. In conclusion, the hips of R. canina could be a natural source of potentially useful bioactive compounds for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress

Traditional Knowledge, Phytochemistry, and Biological Properties of <i>Vachellia tortilis</i>

Vachellia tortilis is a medicinal plant of the Fabaceae family, widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of North, East and Southern Africa, the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. In traditional medicine. It’s commonly used to treat certain ailments, including diabetes, asthma, hepatitis and burns. Different scientific search databases were used to obtain data on V. tortilis, notably Google Scholar, Scopus, Wiley Online, Scifinder, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and PubMed. The knowledge of V. tortilis was organized based on ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological investigations. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of a variety of phytocompounds, including fatty acids, monosaccharides, flavonoids, chalcones, and alcohols. Essential oils and organic extracts prepared from V. tortilis showed several biological properties, specifically antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities are due to the disturbance of cellular membranes and ultra-structural changes triggered by V. tortilis phytochemicals. While physiological and molecular processes such as apoptosis induction, preventing cell proliferation, and inflammatory mediators are responsible for the anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, further investigations concerning pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics should be carried out to validate their clinical applications

Comparative Investigation of Chemical Constituents of Kernels, Leaves, Husk, and Bark of Juglans regia L., Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS Analysis and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Leaves, husk, kernels, and bark methanolic extracts of Juglans regia L. were tested for their in vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. For these purposes, &alpha;-amylase and &alpha;-glucosidase were used as the main enzymes to evaluate antidiabetic activities. Moreover, lipoxidase and tyrosinase activities were tested to estimate anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidant properties of Juglans regia L., extracts were determined using three different assays. Leaves extract has an important radical scavenging activity and a-amylase inhibition. Similarly, husk extracts showed high total phenolic content (306.36 &plusmn; 4.74 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract) with an important &alpha;-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 75.42 &plusmn; 0.99 &micro;g/mL). Kernels exhibit significant tyrosinase (IC50 = 51.38 &plusmn; 0.81 &micro;g/mL) correlated with antioxidant activities (p &lt; 0.05). Husk and bark extracts also showed strong anti-lipoxidase activities with IC50 equal to 29.48 &plusmn; 0.28 and 28.58 &plusmn; 0.35 &micro;g/mL, respectively. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis highlights the phenolic profile of methanolic extracts of Juglans regia L. plant parts. The identified polyphenols were known for their antioxidant, antidiabetic (dicaffeoyl-quinic acid glycoside in kernels), and anti-inflammatory (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in leaves) activities. Further investigations are needed to determine molecular mechanisms involved in these effects as well as to study the properties of the main identified compounds