Aulas Experimentais como Estratégia para Discutir Questões Ambientais: Caminhos para o Engajamento dos Estudantes do Ensino Médio

As questões relacionadas ao engajamento dos estudantes mostram-se relevantes no contexto do ensino da disciplina de Química considerando-se as dificuldades inerentes ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos científicos. Nesse viés, o presente trabalho objetivou discutir as perspectivas de engajamento dos estudantes de Ensino Médio a partir do desenvolvimento de aulas experimentais tendo como temática abordada as questões ambientais. Entende-se que as atividades experimentais se configuram como estratégias didáticas que podem proporcionar o estabelecimento de diversas relações conceituais em aulas de química e que a temática ambiental é importante no sentido de aproximação dos conceitos com as questões éticas e sociais do contexto atual. Esta pesquisa se configura como um estudo de caso que foi desenvolvido junto a duas turmas de Ensino Médio. As atividades foram gravadas e transcritas para a análise. Foi possível identificar elementos característicos do engajamento comportamental, emocional e cognitivo, o que evidenciou que que estes configuram-se como elementos importantes que precisam ser destacados e discutidos pelos professores e pesquisadores no contexto pedagógico das aulas de química

Evaluation of the bond strength at the resin-dentin interface using self-etching adhesive systems containing different functional monomers / Avaliação da resistência de união na interface resina-dentina usando sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes contendo diferentes monômeros funcionais

Background: Self-etching adhesive systems have attracted considerable interest in dentistry, as these materials simplify the restorative protocol and allow a less sensitive adhesive technique. The objective of the present study was to analyze in vitro the performance of self-etching adhesive systems containing different functional monomers. Materials and Methods:  The adhesives evaluated were: Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) adhesive containing 10-MDP, Optibond All-in-One (OPT) containing GPDM, Palfique Bond (PB) containing 3D-SR monomer. Immediate microtensite bond strength (mTBS) and after thermocycling were realized. Interaction between the functional monomers and dentin was characterized using thin-film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the experiments were used 60 molars. Thirty molars were divided into 3 experimental conditions (n=10) according to the adhesive system; the teeth were restored and sectioned on “toothpick” specimens for mTBS. Additionally, five teeth were prepared in the form of discs and the adhesives applied without light curing on the surface for XRD analysis. For morphological evaluation in SEM, 25 teeth were treated with the respective adhesives. The mTBS data were submitted to ANOVA two factors and Tukey's test (5%).  Results: The adhesive vs. time interaction was statistically significant (p<0.001), with the CSE adhesive obtaining the highest means and being the worst performance of BP. The analysis of XRD found that the monomers interact chemically with hydroxyapatite, but with different intensities. SEM images indicate that the applied adhesives infiltrate the dentin forming resin tags in greater or lesser amounts. Conclusions: The different functional monomers have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the adhesive bond, with the 10-MDP monomer, the CSE adhesive, highlighted by the higher TBS values. The self-etching adhesive systems allow a simplification in the restorative protocol, besides a less sensitive adhesive technique and less clinical time for the procedure. Therefore, knowing its mechanical and chemical properties is important to ensure longer-lasting restorations. 

Diagnosis, oral rehabilitation and multidisciplinary approach of a patient with a severely worn dentition and reduced occlusal vertical dimension/ Diagnóstico, reabilitação oral e abordagem multidisciplinar de um paciente com uma dentição gravemente desgastada e dimensão vertical oclusal reduzida

Bruxism is a parafunction that presents as an involuntary and unconscious disorder of mandibular movement, characterized by flatness and grinding of the teeth. It is a hyperactivity of the masticatory muscles that is mainly associated with stress and emotion, and occurs in wakefulness and / or during sleep, without defined etiology and treatment, although there are etiological hypotheses with a strong implication in the central nervous system. The most common approach is to multidiscipline, in order to minimize etiological factors and restore lost function and esthetics. This case report describes the diagnosis, the associated treatments and the clinical follow-up of a patient with posterior teeth severely worn due to bruxism. Therefore, were made restoration of vertical dimension of occlusion with ceramic “table top” overlays in the posterior teeth and laminate veneers in the anterior teeth. Subsequently, cognitive/behavioral therapies and interocclusal devices were used

Motivos da falta de adesão da vacinação contra o HPV entre adolescentes na prevenção do câncer de colo do útero

Os fatores responsáveis pela recusa à imunização contra o HPV corroboram para uma maior vulnerabilidade da saúde da mulher e para a propagação do vírus. A seleção dos artigos foi baseada na pergunta norteadora: “Quais são os motivos da falta de adesão da vacinação contra o HPV entre os adolescentes na prevenção do câncer de colo do útero?”. Os descritores usados foram vacinação, colo do útero e HPV, sendo eles conferidos nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DESCs), foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Brasil (BVS BRASIL) e do Google Acadêmico; foram incluídos artigos entre 2018 a 2022, em português (Brasil), textos completos disponíveis sendo excluídas as revisões de literatura. Os estudos apontaram: o preconceito paternal em relação à vacina, questões socioculturais, diferenças socioeconômicas regionais, o medo de efeitos colaterais, o desconhecimento acerca da vacina, do vírus e da campanha vacinal contra o HPV como os principais motivos da baixa adesão vacinal. Dessa forma, urge que medidas sejam tomadas para aumentar a adesão da vacinação, por meio de campanhas públicas em escolas e locais de trabalho, e visitas a comunidades carentes com o objetivo de abranger todas as faixas etárias e posições socioeconômicas

Método para desenvolvimento da gestão de qualidade na produção de alimentos por agricultoras familiares

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é uma política pública que busca garantir a nutrição dos estudantes das escolas públicas e fortalecer a agricultura familiar. No entanto, o PNAE estabelece que, no mínimo, 30% dos recursos destinados à compra dos produtos que compõem a alimentação escolar devem ser provenientes da agricultura familiar local, o que muitas vezes não é atendido devido a desafios sanitários e à baixa qualidade dos produtos fornecidos. Foi desenvolvido um programa de extensão aplicando um método para formar as agricultoras familiares quanto às exigências sanitárias e à gestão de qualidade dos alimentos, possibilitando a preparação de oficinas e cartilhas pertinentes à gestão da qualidade e da produção, além da adaptação de técnicas de análise química e microbiológica para uso pela comunidade. Obteve sucesso na participação em programas de compras governamentais e na criação de um método para o desenvolvimento da gestão de qualidade na produção de alimentos

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030