Investigating the Generic Features of the Sudanese Judicial Precedents

This study aims at investigating the Sudanese criminal and civil judicial precedents so as to gain a better understanding of the communicative purposes of each subgenre and the variation in demands across the two subgenres using genre analysis. It adopted the mixed approach, using Maxqda application, to investigate the generic features, the moves, the sub-moves; as well as how problems are solved and decisions arrived at. The investigation shows that the law practitioners should know the intrinsic nature of these judicial precedents by examining their generic features, concepts, functions and approaches. Also, the analysis of the typical generic moves and sub-moves clearly reveals that the judicial precedents across the two subgenres have some overlapping generic structures at all levels.  Most of the judicial precedents in the corpus seem to have the typical generic move structures. The analysis of the specific generic move structures reveals slight generic differences of judicial precedents. Finally, there are still evidences of slight variation across the two subgenres at sub-move level

Self-Management at Kirkuk University Students

This research aims at knowing the self-management of the students of Kirkuk University, and then whether the self-management is influenced by the variables of the specialization (scientifichumanitarian), gender (male-female), as well as by the classroom (second-fourth). In order to achieve the research objectives, the researchers reviewed previous studies and theoretical frameworks associated with the research topic in preparation for its completion. The research community included 22,640 male and female students, and the two researchers selected an equal caste random sample of 744 male and female students. The two researchers used the measure of self-management prepared by them to achieve the research's objectives, which may be finalized from (40) paragraphs. The results showed that the University of Kirkuk students have an average level of self-management, the level of self-management of the University of Kirkuk students was not affected by the gender variable (males - females) and the level of self-management was influenced by the variable of the academic specialization (Scientific-humanitarian) The results have shown that there are statistically significant differences between specializations and for the benefit of human specialization, while there are no statistically significant differences for the class variable (IIV) in the level of selfmanagement of students of the University of Kirkuk

Enhancement of oral bioavailability via solid lipid nanoparticles of anticancer drug dasatinib - An in vitro cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetic study

Objective: Dasatinib (DST) is a BCS Class II drug having very low solubility and high permeability. Low aqueous solubility and poor dissolution of DST leads to poor bioavailability, Thus, limited aqueous solubility is the bottleneck for the therapeutic outcome of DST. Animal data suggests that the absolute bioavailability of DST is about 14 to 34% due to an extensive first-pass effect. To overcome hepatic first-pass metabolism and to enhance oral bioavailability, lipid–based drug delivery systems like solid lipid nanoparticles can be used.  Methods: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are sub-micron colloidal carriers having a size range of 50–1000 nm. These are prepared with physiological lipid and dispersed in water or aqueous surfactant solution. Dasatinib can be conveniently loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles to improve the oral bioavailability by exploiting the intestinal lymphatic transport. An optimal system was evaluated for bioavailability study in rats compared with that of dasatinib suspension. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity study were done by MTT assay method through ATCC cell lines, the percent inhibition was more in SLN when compared with Suspension. The Pharmacokinetics of dasatinib-SLNs after oral administration in male wistar rats was studied. The bioavailability of dasatinib was increased by 2.28 fold when compared with that of a dasatinib suspension. Conclusion: The results are indicative of SLNs as suitable lipid based carrier system for improving the oral bioavailability of dasatinib. &nbsp

Knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety in government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The level of knowledge and the attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety will have a direct impact on patient exposure to radiation. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety in government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using an administered structured questionnaire was carried out. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions that included the demographic data of dentists, basic knowledge regarding radiation safety, knowledge of methods of dose reduction and the attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety. One hundred and sixty seven dental practitioners participated in the study. Results: The response rate was 90%. The majority were female, 59%, in the age group younger than 29 years with clinical experience less than 10 years. Only fifteen of the respondents identified themselves as specialist. Half of the respondents did not know that the thyroid gland is the most radiosensitive organ in the head and neck region. Forty four percent believed that the dose for panoramic radiography was higher than that for full mouth periapical radiographs. Forty percent had no idea that a relationship exists between the length of the x-ray cone and the amount of the dose and 44% who knew that the relationship existed, failed to explain that the long cone is more effective for reducing the patient dose. Forty seven percent of the respondents had no idea that there is a relationship between the speed of the film and the amount of dose and 44% who knew that the relationship existed, failed to explain that the fast film is more effective for reducing the patient dose. Sixty six percent had no idea that a relationship exists between collimation of the x-ray tube and patient dose. Forty six percent who knew the relationship existed, failed to explain that rectangular collimation is more effective for dose reduction. Seventy two percent of the dentists did not know what a safe distance from the radiation source was. Forty seven percent did not use film holders when taking periapical radiographs. Conclusions: This study clearly illustrates that there is a lack of knowledge regarding radiation safety in dentists in the government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. Therefore there is a need to increase their knowledge regarding methods of radiation dose reduction (to patient) as well as improving their attitude regarding the radiation safety

Decision-Making Process in Female Genital Mutilation: A Systematic Review

Female genital mutilation/cutting “FGM/C” is a deep-rooted damaging practice. Despite the growing efforts to end this practice, the current trends of its decline are not enough to overcome the population’s underlying growth. The aim of this research is to investigate the FGM/C household decision-making process and identify the main household decision-makers. A review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted by searching PubMed, JSTOR, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, EBSCO, and CINAHL Plus via systematic search using keywords. The found publications were screen using inclusion and exclusion criteria in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After critical appraisal, seventeen articles were included in this review. The data extracted from the articles regarding FGM/C household-decision making process and decision-makers were analyzed using narrative analysis. FGM/C decision-making process varies from a region to another; however, it generally involves more than one individual, and each one has different power over the decision. Fathers, mothers, and grandmothers are the main decision-makers. It was shown from this review that opening the dialogue regarding FGM/C between sexes may lead to a productive decision-making process. The participation of fathers in the decision-making may free the mothers from the social-pressure and responsibility of carrying on traditions and create a more favorable environment to stop FGM/C practice

小型衛星のためのソフトウェア無線を用いた適応型パケット通信システム

九州工業大学博士学位論文（要旨）学位記番号：工博甲第534号 学位授与年月日：令和3年9月24

Application of Universal Distribution Factors for Real-Time Complex Power Flow Calculation

Complex power flow distribution factors, which relate line complex power flows to the bus injected complex powers, have been widely used in various power system planning and analysis studies. In particular, AC distribution factors have been used extensively in the recent power and energy pricing studies in free electricity market field. As was demonstrated in the existing literature, many of the electricity market related costing studies rely on the use of the distribution factors. These known distribution factors, whether the injection shift factors (ISF's) or power transfer distribution factors (PTDF's), are linear approximations of the first order sensitivities of the active power flows with respect to various variables. This paper presents a novel model for evaluating the universal distribution factors (UDF's), which are appropriate for an extensive range of power systems analysis and free electricity market studies. These distribution factors are used for the calculations of lines complex power flows and its independent of bus power injections, they are compact matrix-form expressions with total flexibility in determining the position on the line at which line flows are measured. The proposed approach was tested on IEEE 9-Bus system. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach is very accurate compared with exact method

Physiological Response of Wheat to Chemical Desiccants Used to Simulate Post-Anthesis Drought Stress

Post-anthesis drought stress is one of the main constraints on the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Because field screening for post-anthesis drought tolerance is difficult, effective and validated methods to simulate drought in order to identify sources of tolerance can facilitate screening of breeding materials. Chemical desiccants are widely used to simulate post-anthesis drought stress. We aimed to identify physiological traits that respond to desiccants as they do to drought. We examined the responses of ‘Norin 61’ to six treatments in a greenhouse: irrigated control, drought after anthesis, and 2% or 4% potassium chlorate (KClO3) at anthesis (A) or grain filling (GF). We measured δ13C in leaves, aboveground fresh biomass, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, harvest index, and grain yield. Both 2% and 4% KClO3 at both A and GF simulated the effect of drought stress. Selection of drought-tolerant genotypes can be aided by chlorophyll content and δ13C measurement of leaves when 2% or 4% KClO3 is used to simulate drought

Utilizing Steel Slag in the Removal of Suspended Solids from Dewatered Construction Water

Construction dewatering is an operation used to remove shallow groundwater that infiltrates construction sites. After recovering this water from the construction sites, the water is either discharged to the sea, injected in deep groundwater aquifers, or treated and reused in some other applications. However, municipal and industrial application of this water is unfeasible due to its poor quality. Thus, in this study, dewatered construction water is being treated utilizing waste steel slag in order to improve the quality of the water. The pH of the dewatered construction water used for this study was 7.59 and the average diameter of steel slag used was 425 nm. For coagulation, the impact of the mass of steel slag and the contact time on the quality of dewatered construction water were studied. By using 5gm/L of steel slag, more than 85% of the total suspended solids and turbidity were removed within 30 minutes.The authors would like to thank Qatar University for the financial support. In addition, the authors would like to thank Qatar Steel for the supply of the steel slag sample