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    Використання ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π² ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлювання ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡ€Ρ–ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— діагностики ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π°Π½Π³Ρ–ΠΎ-капілярного Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ Π† Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ Ρ‚Π° Π΄ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‡Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ.

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    Background. Diffuse lupus and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritises have similar morphological appearance which causes difficulties of their differential diagnostics. Objective. To analyze and generalize the data about intravital investigation of renal biopsies of patients with diffuse lupus glomerulonephritis and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type I and identification of their most important morphological features with the help of systematic patomorphological study and statistical methods. Methods. 39 renal biopsies of patients with diffuse lupus glomerulonephritis and 43 of biopsies of patients with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis were studied. Polyclonal antibodies to IgA, IgG, IgM, complement fraction Π‘1q, Π‘3, monoclonal antibodies to CD68, CD3, CD20, CD45, Ξ±-SMA, vimentin, desmin and polyclonal antibodies to cytokeratin (AE1/AE3 Ρ‚Π° БК18) were used. Analysis of biopsies stained with hisctochemical methods was conducted with the help of development of neuronetwork models. Results. It was revealed a number of morphological findings that play the most important role in the cases of complicated differential diagnosis between mesangiocapillary type I and diffuse lupus glomerulonephritises, such as the following: deposition of IgM in stroma, subepithelial and subendothelial deposition of complement C3 fraction, deposition of complement C3 within cylinders, deposition of complement C1q fractions inside the tubular basal membrane at the focuses with sclerosis. Conclusion. Immunohistochemical analysis with the method of neuronetwork mathematical modeling helped to reveal the most important factor evidences for differential diagnostics of glomerulonephritis.ЦСль – ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ исслСдовании биопсии ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π²ΠΎΠ»Ρ‡Π°Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ мСзангиокапиллярным Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ I Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈ выявлСниС Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… морфологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ систСматичСского патоморфологичСского исслСдования ΠΈ статистичСских ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Анализ биопсий ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… иммуногистохимичСскими ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ проводился с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ нСйросСтСвых ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ выявлСно ряд морфологичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² слоТных случаях Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ мСзангиокапиллярным Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ I ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: отлоТСния IgM Π² стромС, ΡΡƒΠ±ΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ дСпозиция Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Π‘3, ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° C3 Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ C1q Π² тубулярной базальной ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅ Π² фокусС склСроза. Π˜ΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· с ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ нСйросСтСвого матСматичСского модСлирования ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ для Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ диагностики Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π° – ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° ΡƒΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΆΠΈΡ‚Ρ‚Ρ”Π²Ρ– дослідТСння біопсій Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊ Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Π· Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‡Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ– мСзангіокапілярним Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ I Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ Ρ– виявлСння Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ Π· допомогою систСматичного ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дослідТСння Ρ‚Π° статистичних ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π². Π‘ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ виявлСно ряд ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ…, які Π²Ρ–Π΄Ρ–Π³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Ρƒ складних Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— діагностики ΠΌΡ–ΠΆ мСзангіокапілярним Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ I Ρ– Π΄ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‡Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ– як: відкладСння IgM Π² стромі, ΡΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΏΡ–Ρ‚Π΅Π»Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° Ρ‚Π° ΡΡƒΠ±Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π»Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° дСпозиція Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρƒ Π‘3, відкладСння ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρƒ C3 всСрСдині Ρ†ΠΈΠ»Ρ–Π½Π΄Ρ€Ρ–Π², відкладСння ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρƒ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ C1q Π² тубулярній Π±Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ– Ρƒ фокусі склСрозу. Іммуногістохімічний Π°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π· Π· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлювання Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ² виявити Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ– свідоцтва Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ для Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— діагностики Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ

    The calcium-sensing receptor in physiology and in calcitropic and noncalcitropic diseases

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    The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a dimeric family C G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid glands and the kidneys and signals via G proteins and Ξ²-arrestin. The CaSR has a pivotal role in bone and mineral metabolism, as it regulates parathyroid hormone secretion, urinary Ca2+ excretion, skeletal development and lactation. The importance of the CaSR for these calcitropic processes is highlighted by loss-of-function and gain-of-function CaSR mutations that cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia, respectively, and also by the fact that alterations in parathyroid CaSR expression contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, the CaSR is an established therapeutic target for hyperparathyroid disorders. The CaSR is also expressed in organs not involved in Ca2+ homeostasis: it has noncalcitropic roles in lung and neuronal development, vascular tone, gastrointestinal nutrient sensing, wound healing and secretion of insulin and enteroendocrine hormones. Furthermore, the abnormal expression or function of the CaSR is implicated in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, as well as in asthma, and the CaSR is reported to protect against colorectal cancer and neuroblastoma but increase the malignant potential of prostate and breast cancers

    The calcium-sensing receptor in physiology and in calcitropic and noncalcitropic diseases

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