397 research outputs found
The Effect of Focus on Creaky Phonation in Mandarin Chinese Tones
Previous studies of the prosodic realization of focus in Mandarin Chinese show an expansion of the pitch range of lexical tones. It is less clear, however, whether focus affects the Creaky Phonation (CP) that often co-occurs with the Dipping third tone (T3), and to some extent, also with the Falling fourth tone (T4). This study investigates the effect of focus on the acoustic properties of the four Mandarin tones, and while it confirms the expansion of the pitch range under focus, it does not find that focus affects CP in T3; it only finds an effect of focus on CP in T4. Both the F0 and CP patterns are also considered in relation to the Functional Load Hypothesis, specifically, the relationship between the contrastive properties of a language and the manifestation of prominence
Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide: A New Member of Gasotransmitter Family in the Cardiovascular System
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was previously regarded as a toxic gas in atmospheric pollutants. But it has been found to be endogenously generated from metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids in mammals through transamination by aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). SO2 could be produced in cardiovascular tissues catalyzed by its synthase AAT. In recent years, studies revealed that SO2 had physiological effects on the cardiovascular system, including vasorelaxation and cardiac function regulation. In addition, the pathophysiological effects of SO2 were also determined. For example, SO2 ameliorated systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, prevented the development of atherosclerosis, and protected against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury. These findings suggested that endogenous SO2 was a novel gasotransmitter in the cardiovascular system and provided a new therapy target for cardiovascular diseases.National Natural Science Foundation of China [81400311, 31440052, 91439110]SCI(E)[email protected]
New lower order mixed finite element methods for linear elasticity
New lower order -conforming finite elements for symmetric
tensors are constructed in arbitrary dimension. The space of shape functions is
defined by enriching the symmetric quadratic polynomial space with the
-order normal-normal face bubble space. The reduced counterpart has only
degrees of freedom. In two dimensions, basis functions are
explicitly given in terms of barycentric coordinates. Lower order conforming
finite element elasticity complexes starting from the Bell element, are
developed in two dimensions. These finite elements for symmetric tensors are
applied to devise robust mixed finite element methods for the linear elasticity
problem, which possess the uniform error estimates with respect to the Lam\'{e}
coefficient , and superconvergence for the displacement. Numerical
results are provided to verify the theoretical convergence rates.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figure
CLIP Brings Better Features to Visual Aesthetics Learners
The success of pre-training approaches on a variety of downstream tasks has
revitalized the field of computer vision. Image aesthetics assessment (IAA) is
one of the ideal application scenarios for such methods due to subjective and
expensive labeling procedure. In this work, an unified and flexible two-phase
\textbf{C}LIP-based \textbf{S}emi-supervised \textbf{K}nowledge
\textbf{D}istillation paradigm is proposed, namely \textbf{\textit{CSKD}}.
Specifically, we first integrate and leverage a multi-source unlabeled dataset
to align rich features between a given visual encoder and an off-the-shelf CLIP
image encoder via feature alignment loss. Notably, the given visual encoder is
not limited by size or structure and, once well-trained, it can seamlessly
serve as a better visual aesthetic learner for both student and teacher. In the
second phase, the unlabeled data is also utilized in semi-supervised IAA
learning to further boost student model performance when applied in
latency-sensitive production scenarios. By analyzing the attention distance and
entropy before and after feature alignment, we notice an alleviation of feature
collapse issue, which in turn showcase the necessity of feature alignment
instead of training directly based on CLIP image encoder. Extensive experiments
indicate the superiority of CSKD, which achieves state-of-the-art performance
on multiple widely used IAA benchmarks
Stellar Parameters of Main Sequence Turn-off Star Candidates Observed with the LAMOST and Kepler
Main sequence turn-off (MSTO) stars have advantages as indicators of Galactic
evolution since their ages could be robustly estimated from atmospheric
parameters. Hundreds of thousands of MSTO stars have been selected from the
LAMOST Galactic sur- vey to study the evolution of the Galaxy, and it is vital
to derive accurate stellar parameters. In this work, we select 150 MSTO star
candidates from the MSTO stars sample of Xiang that have asteroseismic
parameters and determine accurate stellar parameters for these stars combing
the asteroseismic parameters deduced from the Kepler photometry and atmospheric
parameters deduced from the LAMOST spectra.With this sample, we examine the age
deter- mination as well as the contamination rate of the MSTO stars sample. A
comparison of age between this work and Xiang shows a mean difference of 0.53
Gyr (7%) and a dispersion of 2.71 Gyr (28%). The results show that 79 of the
candidates are MSTO stars, while the others are contaminations from either main
sequence or sub-giant stars. The contamination rate for the oldest stars is
much higher than that for the younger stars. The main cause for the high
contamination rate is found to be the relatively large systematic bias in the
LAMOST surface gravity estimates.Comment: accepted by RA
Open-Set Image Tagging with Multi-Grained Text Supervision
In this paper, we introduce the Recognize Anything Plus Model (RAM++), an
open-set image tagging model effectively leveraging multi-grained text
supervision. Previous approaches (e.g., CLIP) primarily utilize global text
supervision paired with images, leading to sub-optimal performance in
recognizing multiple individual semantic tags. In contrast, RAM++ seamlessly
integrates individual tag supervision with global text supervision, all within
a unified alignment framework. This integration not only ensures efficient
recognition of predefined tag categories, but also enhances generalization
capabilities for diverse open-set categories. Furthermore, RAM++ employs large
language models (LLMs) to convert semantically constrained tag supervision into
more expansive tag description supervision, thereby enriching the scope of
open-set visual description concepts. Comprehensive evaluations on various
image recognition benchmarks demonstrate RAM++ exceeds existing
state-of-the-art (SOTA) open-set image tagging models on most aspects.
Specifically, for predefined commonly used tag categories, RAM++ showcases 10.2
mAP and 15.4 mAP enhancements over CLIP on OpenImages and ImageNet. For
open-set categories beyond predefined, RAM++ records improvements of 5.0 mAP
and 6.4 mAP over CLIP and RAM respectively on OpenImages. For diverse
human-object interaction phrases, RAM++ achieves 7.8 mAP and 4.7 mAP
improvements on the HICO benchmark. Code, datasets and pre-trained models are
available at \url{https://github.com/xinyu1205/recognize-anything}.Comment: Homepage: https://github.com/xinyu1205/recognize-anythin
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