Leupaxin Expression Is Dispensable for B Cell Immune Responses.

The generation of a potent humoral immune response by B cells relies on the integration of signals induced by the B cell receptor, toll-like receptors and both negative and positive co-receptors. Several reports also suggest that integrin signaling plays an important role in this process. How integrin signaling is regulated in B cells is however still partially understood. Integrin activity and function are controlled by several mechanisms including regulation by molecular adaptors of the paxillin family. In B cells, Leupaxin (Lpxn) is the most expressed member of the family and in vitro studies suggest that it could dampen BCR signaling. Here, we report that Lpxn expression is increased in germinal center B cells compared to naïve B cells. Moreover, Lpxn deficiency leads to decreased B cell differentiation into plasma cells in vitro. However, Lpxn seems dispensable for the generation of a potent B cell immune response in vivo. Altogether our results suggest that Lpxn is dispensable for T-dependent and T-independent B cell immune responses

Simulation and optimum control of a two-stage compression air source heat pump system: A comparison of two kinds of variable volume approaches

Two-stage vapor compression technology can effectively improve the performance of an air source heat pump, and a staged compression system with two separate compressors has a highly flexible modulation capacity. However, the effect of different volume modulation approaches on the heating COP requires further analysis. In this study, a Modelica-based dynamic simulation model of a two-stage air-source heat pump was developed and verified with experimental data. A numerical optimization method was used to obtain the optimum frequencies and low- or high-stage cylinder volumes of the compressors that maximize the COP. The results show that the three optimization approaches have different effects. At lower ambient temperatures, varying the high-stage compressor cylinder volume can yield the maximum COP among the three optimization methods, followed by varying the low-stage compressor cylinder volume and compressor frequencies. At higher ambient temperatures, varying low-stage cylinder volume can yield the maximum COP, followed by varying the compressor frequencies and high-stage cylinder volume. The further the working condition deviates from the design point, the greater the improvement in the COP. The maximum improvements in the COP achieved with optimization in this study were 8.23%, 6.39% and 5.39% by varying the high-stage cylinder volume, low-stage cylinder volume, and frequencies, respectively

Adaptive Optical Control in Disordered Medium

Materials such as teeth, milk or human tissue are opaque. We have shown that coherent light can be focused through them and the principle can be applied in therapy. The two different optimization algorithms are programed. To approach the actual situation, we add a noise to the algorithms. By adaptive light control, more than 2 orders enhancement are demostrated

Leupaxin Expression Is Dispensable for B Cell Immune Responses

The generation of a potent humoral immune response by B cells relies on the integration of signals induced by the B cell receptor, toll-like receptors and both negative and positive co-receptors. Several reports also suggest that integrin signaling plays an important role in this process. How integrin signaling is regulated in B cells is however still partially understood. Integrin activity and function are controlled by several mechanisms including regulation by molecular adaptors of the paxillin family. In B cells, Leupaxin (Lpxn) is the most expressed member of the family and in vitro studies suggest that it could dampen BCR signaling. Here, we report that Lpxn expression is increased in germinal center B cells compared to naïve B cells. Moreover, Lpxn deficiency leads to decreased B cell differentiation into plasma cells in vitro. However, Lpxn seems dispensable for the generation of a potent B cell immune response in vivo. Altogether our results suggest that Lpxn is dispensable for T-dependent and T-independent B cell immune responses

Determining diurnal fossil fuel CO2 and biological CO2 by Delta(CO2)-C-14 observation on certain summer and winter days at Chinese background sites

Diurnal atmospheric Delta(CO2)-C-14 was measured on two consecutive days in summer and winter, 2016 at Shangdianzi, Lin'an and Luhuitou regional background sites, and at Waliguan global background site in China. The objectives of this study were to determine diurnal fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff) and biological CO2 (CO2bio) concentrations and to ascertain the factors influencing them. Evident CO2ff inputs (0-33.0 +/- 1.4 ppm) were found, with some small morning and afternoon rush hour signals. Particularly, the long-range transport of air masses influenced the seasonal differences and rapid diurnal variations in CO2ff. Diurnal CO2bio showed violent variations (-20.9-113.3 ppm), with high values at night and low or negative values during the daytime. Diurnal CO2bio variations resulted from the tradeoffs between photosynthetic CO2 uptake and biological respiration CO2 emission as well as atmospheric boundary layer heights variations. These results might help to understand the roles of fossil fuel sources and biological sources on atmospheric CO2 diurnal variations at Chinese background sites. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved