On Yao's method of translation

Machine Translation, i.e., translating one kind of natural language to another kind of natural language by using a computer system, is a very important research branch in Artificial Intelligence. Yao developed a method of translation that he called ``Lexical-Semantic Driven". In his system he introduced 49 ``relation types" including case relations, event relations, semantic relations, and complex relations. The knowledge graph method is a new kind of method to represent an interlingua between natural languages. In this paper, we will give a comparison of these two methods. We will translate one Chinese sentence cited in Yao�s book by using these two methods. Finally, we will use the relations in knowledge graph theory to represent the ``relations" in Lexical-Semantic Driven, and partition the relations in Lexical-Semantic Driven into groups according to the relations in knowledge graph theory

Continuous Yao Graphs

In this paper, we introduce a variation of the well-studied Yao graphs. Given a set of points $S\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ and an angle $0 < \theta \leq 2\pi$, we define the continuous Yao graph $cY(\theta)$ with vertex set $S$ and angle $\theta$ as follows. For each $p,q\in S$, we add an edge from $p$ to $q$ in $cY(\theta)$ if there exists a cone with apex $p$ and aperture $\theta$ such that $q$ is the closest point to $p$ inside this cone. We study the spanning ratio of $cY(\theta)$ for different values of $\theta$. Using a new algebraic technique, we show that $cY(\theta)$ is a spanner when $\theta \leq 2\pi /3$. We believe that this technique may be of independent interest. We also show that $cY(\pi)$ is not a spanner, and that $cY(\theta)$ may be disconnected for $\theta > \pi$.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures. Presented at CCCG 201

Bleached Light Verb in Future Tense in Mandarin

In Mandarin, “yao” has more than one meaning. It can be used as a regular verb which means “to want”; it can also be used as a future tense indicator which means “will” or “shall”. The author's hypothesis in this paper is that when “yao” is used in sentences to indicate future tense, the predicates of such sentences are serial verb constructions; “yao” functions as bleached light verb to indicate future tense. Empirical approach was used to test the hypothesis. The subjects of the experiment were two Mandarin native speakers. 40 sentences, including 8 distracters, were given to the subjects at random, and PRAAT software was used to record their speaking. Results show that when “yao” is used as a regular verb, it gets higher pitch; in this situation the difference of pitches between “yao” and its previous morpheme or the latter morpheme is much more significant. Therefore the conclusion is that when “yao” is used in sentences to indicate future tense, the predicates of such sentences are serial verb constructions; “yao” functions as bleached light verb to indicate future tense

Quantifying Facial Age by Posterior of Age Comparisons

We introduce a novel approach for annotating large quantity of in-the-wild facial images with high-quality posterior age distribution as labels. Each posterior provides a probability distribution of estimated ages for a face. Our approach is motivated by observations that it is easier to distinguish who is the older of two people than to determine the person's actual age. Given a reference database with samples of known ages and a dataset to label, we can transfer reliable annotations from the former to the latter via human-in-the-loop comparisons. We show an effective way to transform such comparisons to posterior via fully-connected and SoftMax layers, so as to permit end-to-end training in a deep network. Thanks to the efficient and effective annotation approach, we collect a new large-scale facial age dataset, dubbed `MegaAge', which consists of 41,941 images. Data can be downloaded from our project page mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/projects/MegaAge and github.com/zyx2012/Age_estimation_BMVC2017. With the dataset, we train a network that jointly performs ordinal hyperplane classification and posterior distribution learning. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on popular benchmarks such as MORPH2, Adience, and the newly proposed MegaAge.Comment: To appear on BMVC 2017 (oral) revised versio

Your house just doubled in value? Don't uncork the champagne just yet!

Wenli Li and Rui Yao present their recent research, which tries to quantify the effects of house-price changes on both consumption and the well-being of American households. Their study looks at the economy as a whole, as well as different demographic groups.Housing - Prices ; Consumption (Economics)

北宋の修武窯

It is strange that the Hsiu Wu Yao, or Chiao Tso Yao, the most important. and particularly fine in the quality of products among the Chinese ceramic kilns. in the Northern Sung Dynasty, has not hitherto been known of its existence. The discovery of the Hsiu Wu Yao brought various problems, hitherto left unsettled, about important Northern Sung ceramic products, and proved a very significant center of the sort in the period, even more significant than the Ting Yao or Ju Yao. The writer learned the existence of this kiln site during his trip to Northern China in 1943, and has kept an eye on products from it ever since. A detailed information about it reached him through the Notes on the Wares from the Chiao Tso Potteries (Ethnos, No. 3, 1943) by Orvar Karlbeck, a copy of which was kindly sent to him from Sir Herbert Ingram, B.T., England. The Hsiu Wu kiln site was discovered in 1933 by the late R. W. Swallow, and was inspected in the following year by Mr. Karlbeck. The site is located at the Potter\u27s Valley about four miles north of Chiao Tso in the northern part of Honanshêng Province. It is worth a discussion by what name this kiln site should be called. Mr. Karlbeck called it Chiao Tso after the name of a town near it. The Chinese people call it T\u27ang Yang Yü, the name of the hamlet where the kiln actually existed. The writer suggests to call it Hsiu Wu by the name of the prefecture, since it can be easily identified while Chiao Tso or T\u27ang Yang Yü are too small to be found in any of Chinese gazetteers or maps. We have already similar examples, such as the Ting Yao, Ju Yao, Tzu Chou Yao and Lung Chüan Yao named after respective prefectures, though the actual locations of them may be miles or even tens of miles away from those places. Resultant from the discovery of the Hsiu Wu Yao, we ought to amend our notion of the Tzu Chou Yao, for most of the best ones among the pieces hitherto believed to be Tzu Chou Yao ware have been found to be Hsiu Wu Yao ware. There were picked up at the Hsiu Wu Yao site quite a number of rare ceramic fragments, which are roughly classified into four groups, as follows: (1) pottery resembling Tzu Chou Yao ware; (2) porcelain resembling Ting Yao ware; (3) pottery resembling Chün Yao ware; and (4) others. (1) Among pottery pieces hitherto ascribed to be Tzu Chou Yao ware, there are various sorts besides the ones like the specimen given in color reproduction at the head of this volume : (a) marbled ware; (b) ware having free and artistic designs painted in black or brown on white slip (c) ware decorated with graffito ornament; (d) ware coated with green glaze at low temperature on the body of Tzu Chou Yao style pottery; and (e) three-color glaze ware of the Sung Dynasty, all of which are presumed to be Hsiu Wu Yao ware. (2) Of the Ting Yao style porcelain, there are: (a) white porcelain; (b) black porcelain; and (c) white porcelain having elaborate decorations in black or brown. (3) Of the Chün Yao style pottery, too, there are various sorts, including, in particular, such famous ware as bulb bowls and flower-pots which have been valued very highly since old. Mr. Karlbeck reports of his discovering “glaze samples with incised numerals and with Chün-like glaze.” (4) Besides the three groups discussed above the Hsiu Wu Yao produced various sorts of ceramics. The writer presumes that the red-enamel ware of the Sung Dynasty, famed as the oldest of enamel-color pottery in the East, are products from the Hsiu Wu Yao, too. The Hsiu Wu Yao is the most impressive and most attractive kiln, not only in the Northern Sung Dynasty but througout the long history of twenty centuries of Chinese ceramics. The reason why such excellent ware was produced at the Hsiu Wu Yao, is presumably attributable to the location of the kiln near K\u27ai-fêng, the capital city of the Northern Sung Dynasty. In other words, the prosperity of the Hsiu Wu Yao, and the style of its products, were closely related to the prosperity of K\u27ai-fêng. It is not known when the Hsiu Wu Yao was founded and when abandoned, but it is most likely that it was active from the middle of the Northern Sung Dynasty to the Yüan Dynasty, and that it flourished most around the Chêng-ho and Hsüan-ho Eras (1111-1125A.D.) towards the end of the Northern Sung Dynasty

USA v. Andrew Yao

USDC for the District of Delawar