Down regulation of miR-143 is related with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical squamous cancer

The HIV epidemic, which started with a handful of cases in the early 80s, very quickly became a worldwide epidemic. It has since then killed millions; devastating lives and destroying economies. Zimbabwe has one of the worst HIV epidemics in the world with within country variations. This study investigates successive 2005 and 2010-11 Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS) from Zimbabwe. a random representative sample of 30,000 men aged 15-59 and women aged 15 to 49 was selected in both surveys. HIV prevalence are mapped in a flexible, coherent regression framework using a geo-additive semi-parametric mixed model and produce HIV indicators (prevalence maps) at the sub-national regional level, an administrative level relevant for policy design, planning and decisions. It was found that there is substantial regional variation, not only in the burden of HIV, but also in the risk factors. This therefore requires varying responses/policies at the regional level to ensure that the often diverse needs of populations across a country are met and incorporated into planning the HIV response. The use of geographically referenced data in the successive ZDHS provides crucial new insights into the spatial characteristics of the HIV epidemic in Zimbabwe. It especially highlights the HIV heterogeneity across Zimbabwe. There is substantial regional variation, not only in the burden of HIV, but also in the risk factors

The simultaneous repair of an Irreducible Diaphragmatic Hernia while carrying out a Cesarean Section

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDiaphragmatic hernia complicating pregnancy rarely occurs while it is frequently misdiagnosed.PRESENTATION OF CASEA pregnant woman who had suffered from recurrent right upper-quadrant abdominal pain for 4 months was hospitalized near full term because the unrelieved abdominal pain was so severe that she couldn’t lie down. Following the emergency caesarean, we found a part of the transverse colon and a part of omentum were trapped in the thorax through a 3cm by 3cm laceration in the patient's diaphragm. We removed all trapped intestine which was about 40cm long and repaired diaphragmatic hernia at the same time.DISCUSSIONRadiography is useful to diagonisis diaphragmatic hernia, but it had little use for pregnant women. An irreducible diaphragmatic hernia represent a surgical emergency irrespective of fetal maturity. In our case, she had her hernia repaired just during caesarean section by laparotomy.CONCLUSIONCareful examination and a timely operation are needed to treat diaphragmatic hernia complicating pregnancy

The proliferation, apoptosis, invasion of endothelial-like epithelial ovarian cancer cells induced by hypoxia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Epithelial ovarian cancer is one of the most malignant cancers in women because metastasis occurs in the most of patients by the time of diagnosis. Cancer cells have strong capacity to form angiogenesis or vasculogenic mimicry, which plays the major role in its malignant phenotype. Vasculogenic mimicry might contribute to the failure of the angiogenesis-targeted therapy strategies. Under the microenvironment of the tumor, hypoxia is the most common phenomena because of the vast energy and oxygen consuming. In the present study, the endothelial-like cells induced by hypoxia from SKOV-3 and ES-2 ovarian cancer cells were harvested to investigate the changes in their biological behaviors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The endothelial-like cells from SKOV-3 and ES-2 cells were harvested by laser capture microdissection. The biological behaviors of the endothelial-like cells, including proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and telomerase activity were determined by MTT, FCM, Transwell chamber and TRAP-ELISA methods. HIF-1α is the most important factor for the behavior changes under hypoxic condition. Some other genes relative to biological behaviors are also changes following the changes of HIF-1α. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for these changes by hypoxia, the relative genes expressions including HIF-1α, CyclinD1, Flk-1, VEGF, p53 and V-src were determined by real-time PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SKOV-3 and ES-2 cells were resistant to hypoxia by adoption of proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and invasion. Combined with other studies, the more poorly cancer cells differentiate, the more strongly cells are resistant to hypoxia, the more possible to form vasculogenic mimicry. The changes in the expression of HIF-1α, and HIF-1α-dependent VEGF, Flk-1, Cyclin D1, and HIF-1α-independent p53 have been involved in this process.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>HIF-1α took an important role in the behavioral changes of SKOV-3 and ES-2 cells by hypoxia. At the same time, other mechanisms were also involved in this process.</p