<p>Uji mikrostruktur prototipe implan gigi titanium pasca perlakuan modifikasi permukaan Alternate Soaking Process dengan konsentrasi CaCl2 dan Na2HPO4 yang berbeda<p></p> Microstructural examination of titanium dental implant prototype after alternate soaking process surface modification treatment with different concentrations of CaCl2 and Na2HPO4<p>

Pendahuluan: Beberapa metode telah dikembangkan dalam meningkatkan proses osseointegrasi implan titanium diantaranya yaitu alternate soaking process. Metode ini terbukti menciptakan kekasaran porositas dan senyawa CaP pada implan melalui perendaman di dalam larutan CaCl2 dan Na2HPO4. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui gambaran mikrostruktur dari prototipe implan gigi titanium yang dimodifikasi permukaan dengan metode alternate soaking process dengan konsentrasi CaCl2 dan Na2HPO4 yang berbeda. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel penelitian, berupa prototipe implan titanium (20 x 15 x 0,5 mm), dibagi menjadi 4 kategori berdasarkan perlakuan yaitu sampel yang tidak diberikan pre-treatment dan modifikasi permukaan sebagai kontrol (L0) dan sampel yang diberikan pre-treatment dan modifikasi permukaan dengan metode alternate soaking process dengan konsentrasi larutan CaCl2 dan Na2HPO4 yang berbeda (67 mmol/L dan 40 mmol/L (L1), 200 mmol/L dan 120 mmol/L (L2), 600 mmol/L dan  360 mmol/L (L3)). Hasil: Hasil uji mikrostruktur mempelihatkan sampel L0 tidak berporus, sedangkan sampel L1, L2 dan L3 terlihat berporus dengan ukuran porus masing-masing 80-150, 400-700 dan 50-90 μm. Peningkatan konsentrasi CaCl2 dan Na2HPO4 meningkatkan jumlah deposit putih (CaP) dipermukaan prototipe implan titanium. Sampel kontrol L0 memperlihatkan lapisan TiO2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan sampel L1, L2 dan L3 dengan angka ketebalan masing-masing sebagai berikut: 135 , 70.5, 104 dan 92 μm. Simpulan: Prototipe implan gigi titanium yang dimodifikasi permukaan dengan metode alternate soaking process dengan konsentrasi CaCl2 200 mmol/L dan Na2HPO4 20 mmol/L menghasilkan mikrostruktur berporus yang berpotensi lebih optimal dalam menginduksi pertumbuhan jaringan tulang. Kata kunci: implan gigi; titanium; modifikasi permukaan; alternate soaking process     ABSTRACT Introduction: Several methods have been developed to improve the osseointegration process of titanium implants, including the alternate soaking process. This method was proven to create porosity roughness and CaP compounds on implants through immersion in a solution of CaCl2 and Na2HPO4. The study aimed to determine the microstructure of the surface-modified titanium dental implant prototype using the alternate soaking process method with different concentrations of CaCl2 and Na2HPO4. Methods: A descriptive exploratory research was conducted on the samples, which were titanium implant prototype sized 20x15x0.5mm, divided into four categories based on the treatment. Samples without pre-treatment and surface modification were determined as control (L0). Samples with pre-treatment and surface modification using the alternate soaking process method with CaCl2 and Na2HPO4 solutions of 67 mmol/L and 40 mmol/L were determined as L1; concentrations of 200 mmol/L and 120 mmol/L as L2; concentrations of 600 mmol/L and 360 mmol/L as L3. Results: The microstructural examinations showed that samples in the L0 group were not porous, while samples in the L1, L2, and L3 groups appeared to be porous, with the porous size of 80-150, 400-700, and 50-90 m, respectively. Increasing CaCl2 and Na2HPO4 increased the amount of white deposit (CaP) on the titanium implant prototype surface. The samples in group L0 showed a higher TiO2 layer than samples in group L1, L2, and L3 with thickness figures of 135, 70.5, 104, and 92 m, consecutively. Conclusions: Surface modified titanium dental implant prototype with alternate soaking process method with 200 mmol/L of CaCl2 and 20 mmol/L of Na2HPO4 produced a porous microstructure which has the potential to be more optimal in inducing bone tissue growth. Keywords: dental implant; titanium; surface modification; alternate soaking proces

Preparation of micro-calcite powder using fine-bubble assisted carbonation as toothpaste material

ABSTRACT Introduction: Calcite (CaCO3) is typically used in commercial toothpaste with particle size ranges from 1-12 μm. In the latest study, calcite was synthesized by using Ca(OH)2 precursor from natural resources However, the resulting particle size does not match the size of the toothpaste filler. This study aims to prepare micro-calcite via fine-bubble assisted carbonation as toothpaste material. Methods: The calcite powder was prepared from Ca(OH)2 analytical grade powder utilizing the fine-bubble carbonation process with the Ca(OH)2 concentration and initial pH variation. The study was started by making a Ca(OH)2 suspension with a concentration of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 M using 2.000 ml methanol as a solvent. 0.5 M NaH2PO4 solutions were utilized to adjust the initial pH of 0.5 M Ca(OH)2 suspension into 8, 9, and 10. The suspensions were aerated using CO2 fine-bubble for two hours to produce CaCO3 samples. All precipitated CaCO3 particles were characterized by PSA, Zeta-Potential, and FTIR measurements. Results: The calcite phase was identified from the FTIR transmittance. Aragonite or vaterite phase was not observed in the samples. PSA result shows the size of CaCO3 particles from samples 0.25 M to 1.25 M are as follows 3.03, 3.23, 2.79, 3.70, 0.99 μm respectively. Meanwhile, the particle sizes of CaCO3 in samples with a pH of 8, 9 and 10 are 3.00, 2.03 and 2.50 μm respectively. The zeta potential shows the value ranges from -23.2 mV to -11.9 mV, indicating fair dispersion ability. Conclusion: The fine bubble assisted carbonation method in this study helps in producing calcite in micron size that could be used as alternative fillers for toothpaste. Keywords: calcite, fine-bubble, carbonation, particle size, toothpast

<strong>Effect of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane on diametral tensile strength of rice husk silica-based dental composite </strong>

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rice husk silica has been studied as a filler in dental composite, however, the mechanical properties of the resulting composites are below the commercial due to the poor surface modification between silica and resin matrix. 3-methacryloxyprpyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) is one of the coupling agents that are effective to modify the silica surface. The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of MPTS on the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of the self-made composite using rice husk silica.  Methods: The research type of this study was an experimental research laboratory. The samples (26 samples) were divided into two groups, namely the test group (using MPTS-modified silica) and the control group (using non-modified silica). The samples were cylindrical in shape with a diameter of 6.0 ± 0.1 mm and a height of 3.0 ± 0.1 mm according to ANSI/ADAS No. 27, 1993 and ISO 4049, 1988. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), HORIBA, was used to characterize the MPTS grafting on the silica surface. The DTS value is measured by Universal Testing Machine (UTM), Lloyd LRX Plus. Results: FTIR presents the additional peak of carboxyl and methacryloyl group at 1716, 1555, and 1410 cm-1 wavenumber, respectively in MPTS-modified silica. The DTS value of the test group was 43.40 ± 4.43 MPa and the control group was 25.80 ± 2.63 MPa. The test group was significantly higher than the control group (p-value = 0.001). Conclusion: The MPTS is effective to enhance the DTS value of rice husk silica-based composite. Keywords: Rice husk silica; dental composite; diametral tensile strength; 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane

<strong>Comparison of brittleness and flowability between Cipetir Gutta-Percha and commercial Gutta-Percha</strong>

Introduction: Gutta-Percha (GP) is a standard endodontic filling material found in pure form in the Cipetir area, Indonesia. However, a study comparing physical properties (brittleness and flowability) between pure GP and commercially used GP has not been found. Therefore, this study aims to test the brittleness and flowability of Cipetir GP compared to commercial GP. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental. Forty samples were prepared for each material and test, according to ANSI/ADA specification-GP cones-no 78 in 2006. The first step began by making a sample of Cipetir GP using moulds from a cuvette, commercial GP (Inline #80), and gypsum stone. The second step was to test the brittleness (Crease Recovery Tester) and flowability (according to ADA No. 78 of 2000) of Cipetir GP and commercial GP. Results: The brittleness test of Cipetir GP showed unbroken samples, and the commercial GP showed four broken samples. The Fisher's Exact test showed a p-value of 0.087, which means there was no significant difference in brittleness between Cipetir GP and commercial GP. At the same time, the average value of flowability of Cipetir GP and commercial GP were 6.46 mm and 0.19 mm, respectively. The unpaired t-test showed a p-value<0.05, which means there was a significant difference in the flowability between Cipetir GP and commercial GP. Conclusions: There is a brittleness similarity between Cipetir GP and commercial GP, while the flowability value of Cipetir GP is higher than commercial GP. Those initial findings showed that the Cipetir GP might become an excellent candidate to be an alternative endodontic filling

PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS PARASETAMOL, FENASETIN, DAN ASETANILIDA SEBAGAI ANALGESIK DAN ANTI-INFLAMASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE MOLECULAR DOCKING

Abstrak.Parasetamol, fenasetin, dan asetanilida merupakan tiga senyawa yang sering digunakan sebagai analgesik dan anti-inflamasi. Perbandingan efektivitas ketiga senyawa tersebut dapat dipelajari menggunakan metode molecular docking. Reseptor diperoleh dari dari RCsB dengan PDB ID:COX6 kemudian disiapkan pada software AutoDock-Tools 1.5.6. Sedangkan ligan yang digunakan adalah parasetamol, fenasetin, dan asetanilida di unduh struktur 2D dalam format .pdbqt dari PubChem. Simulasi docking dilakukan melalui AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 yang tertanam di AutoDockTools 1.5.6. Hasil docking divisualisasikan menggunakan PyMOL 2.5.2 dan Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer. Parasetamol memiliki energi ikat (-6.3 kcal/mol) pada reseptor COX-2 mendekati energi ikat ligan kontrol. Asetanilida dan fenasetin terdapat interaksi yang sama dengan residu TYR385 namun energi ikatnya tidak lebih baik daripada parasetamol. Sehingga efektivitas parasetamol sebagai analgesik dan antiinflamasi lebih baik daripada fenasetin dan asetanilida