Circadian Clock Gene Regulation in Aging and Drug Discovery

The circadian clock is an endogenous timer in prokaryotes and mammals. Resting and adjusting the internal clock can assist in pacing the daily routine. Growing evidence indicates that the circadian clock and aging process are closely associated. The disruption of the circadian clock leads to accelerated aging and increased incidence of various diseases. In particular, elderly people are more vulnerable and have a higher risk of diseases than do young people. In this study, we reviewed studies on aging and circadian rhythms over the last decade, with a focus on circadian clock gene regulation in aging and drug discovery for targeting the circadian clock in diseases

Molecular dynamics simulation of flow around a circular nano-cylinder

In this study, the wake flow around a circular nano-cylinder is numerically investigated with molecular dynamics simulation to reveal the micro/nano size effect on the wake flow. The cavitation occurring when Reynolds number (Re) > 101 can effectively influence the wake flow. The Strouhal number (St) of the wake flow increases with the Re at low Re, but steadily decreases with the Re after the cavitation appears. The dominant frequency of the lift force fluctuation can be higher than that of the velocity fluctuation, and be drowned in the chaotic fluctuating background of the Brownian forces when Re {\geq} 127. Also because of the strong influence of the Brownian forces, no dominant frequency of the drag force fluctuation can be observed. The Jz number, which is defined as the ratio between the mean free path {\lambda} of the fluid molecules and the equilibrium distance of potential energy {\sigma}, is newly introduced in order to consider the internal size effect of fluid. The St of the wake flow increases with the Jz until it falls to zero sharply when Jz {\approx} 1.7. It denotes the discontinuity of the fluid can eventually eliminate the vortex generation and shedding. Meanwhile, the St decreases with the Kn because of the intensification of the cavitation.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, 37 conference

Why Deep Surgical Models Fail?: Revisiting Surgical Action Triplet Recognition through the Lens of Robustness

Surgical action triplet recognition provides a better understanding of the surgical scene. This task is of high relevance as it provides to the surgeon with context-aware support and safety. The current go-to strategy for improving performance is the development of new network mechanisms. However, the performance of current state-of-the-art techniques is substantially lower than other surgical tasks. Why is this happening? This is the question that we address in this work. We present the first study to understand the failure of existing deep learning models through the lens of robustness and explainabilty. Firstly, we study current existing models under weak and strong $\delta-$perturbations via adversarial optimisation scheme. We then provide the failure modes via feature based explanations. Our study revels that the key for improving performance and increasing reliability is in the core and spurious attributes. Our work opens the door to more trustworthiness and reliability deep learning models in surgical science

Search for Eccentric Black Hole Coalescences during the Third Observing Run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass $M>70$ $M_\odot$) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities $0 < e \leq 0.3$ at $0.33$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ at 90\% confidence level.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M&gt;70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0&lt;e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Gap Phenomenon of an Abstract Willmore Type Functional of Hypersurface in Unit Sphere

For an n-dimensional hypersurface in unit sphere, we introduce an abstract Willmore type called Wn,F-Willmore functional, which generalizes the well-known classic Willmore functional. Its critical point is called the Wn,F-Willmore hypersurface, for which the variational equation and Simons’ type integral equalities are obtained. Moreover, we construct a few examples of Wn,F-Willmore hypersurface and give a gap phenomenon characterization by use of our integral formula