Activités anti-radicalaires de l'huile essentielle et des extraits bruts de Thymus numidicus Poiret., Algérie

Thymus numidicus Poiret. (Lamiaceae) est une plante largement utilisée en médecine traditionnelle algérienne pour ses propriétés thérapeutiques. Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer l'activité antioxydante de l'huile essentielle ainsi que plusieurs extraits bruts (dichlorométhane, méthanol, méthanol-eau 5:1 v/v, et l'infusé) du Thymus numidicus Poiret. récolté à Annaba (Algérie). L'activité antioxydante a été estimée par deux méthodes photométriques, la méthode de DPPH et celle de réduction du peroxyde d'hydrogène. Les résultats ont révélé que les deux extraits méthanol et méthanol-eau 5:1 ont exercé une forte activité de piégeage des radicaux libres DPPH en comparaison avec le BHT ainsi qu'une haute capacité de blocage du peroxyde d'hydrogène en comparaison avec les contrôles positifs de l'acide gallique et l'acide caféique.Mots-clés : Thymus numidicus, extraits bruts, activité antioxydante. Anti-radical activities of essential oil and crude extracts of Thymus numidicus Poiret., AlgeriaThymus numidicus Poiret. (Lamiaceae) is a plant widely used in Algerian traditional medicine. The aim of this work was to assess the antioxidant activity of the volatile compounds as well as different crude extracts (dichloromethane, methanol, methanol-water 5:1 v/v, infusion) of the endemic Thymus numidicus Poiret. collected from Annaba city (Algeria). The antioxidant activity was estimated by two fluorimetric methods, the DPPH method and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging method. The results revealed that methanol and methanol water 5:1 v/v extracts exerted very high free radical scavenging activity compared to the well-known butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and high hydrogen peroxide blocking activity than positive controls gallic acid and caffeic acid.Keywords : Thymus numidicus, crude extracts, anioxidant activity

Homo and hetero-difunctionalized β-cyclodextrins: Short direct synthesis in gram scale and analysis of regiochemistry

The regioselective difunctionalization of cyclodextrins (CDs) leading to derivatives amenable to further transformations is a daunting task due to challenging purification and unambiguous characterization of the obtained regioisomers with similar physicochemical properties. The primary-side homo-difunctionalization of β-CD can lead to three regioisomers, while the hetero-difunctionalization can generate three pairs of pseudoenantiomers. Previously, approaches with several synthetic steps, expensive reagents, high purification demands and low yields of the products have been employed. Herein we present direct, short and efficient primary-side difunctionalization strategies featuring reproducibility, ease of product purification, scalability of the reactions and versatility of the substituents introduced. Specifically, the prepared ditosylated β-CDs were separated using preparative reversed-phase column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by NMR experiments. Azidation led to the corresponding pure diazido regioisomers. Direct monotosylation of 6-monoazido-β-CD or monoazidation of the single regioisomers 6A,6X-ditosyl-β-CDs afforded hetero-difunctionalized 6A-monoazido-6X-tosyl-β-CDs in significant yields. Overall, the single regioisomers, 6A,6X-ditosyl-, 6A,6X-diazido- and 6A-monoazido-6X-monotosyl-β-CD were prepared in one or two steps and purified in multigram scale thus opening the way towards further selective and orthogonal functionalizations of β-CD hosts

Molecular recognition of N-acetyltryptophan enantiomers by β-cyclodextrin

The enantioselectivity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) towards L- and D-N-acetyltryptophan (NAcTrp) has been studied in aqueous solution and the crystalline state. NMR studies in solution show that β-CD forms complexes of very similar but not identical geometry with both L- and D-NAcTrp and exhibits stronger binding with L-NAcTrp. In the crystalline state, only β-CD-L-NAcTrp crystallizes readily from aqueous solutions as a dimeric complex (two hosts enclosing two guest molecules). In contrast, crystals of the complex β-CD-D-NAcTrp were never obtained, although numerous conditions were tried. In aqueous solution, the orientation of the guest in both complexes is different than in the β-CD-L-NAcTrp complex in the crystal. Overall, the study shows that subtle differences observed between the β-CD-L,D-NAcTrp complexes in aqueous solution are magnified at the onset of crystallization, as a consequence of accumulation of many soft host-guest interactions and of the imposed crystallographic order, thus resulting in very dissimilar propensity of each enantiomer to produce crystals with β-CD

Core-shell carbon-polymer quantum dot passivation for near infrared perovskite light emitting diodes

High-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) require a high quality perovskite emitter and appropriate charge transport layers to facilitate charge injection and transport within the device. Solution-processed n-type metal oxides represent a judicious choice for the electron transport layer (ETL); however, they don't always present suitable surface properties and energetics in order to be compatible with the perovskite emitter. Moreover, the emitter itself exhibits poor nanomorphology and defect traps that compromise the device performance. Here we modulate the surface properties and interface energetics of the tin oxide (SnO2) ETL with the perovskite emitter by using an amino functionalized difluoro{2-[1-(3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene-N)ethyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrolato-N}boron (BDP) compound and passivate the defects present in the perovskite with carbon-polymer core-shell quantum dots (PCDs) inserted into the perovskite precursor. Both these approaches synergistically improve the perovskite layer nanomorphology and enhance the radiative recombination. These properties resulted in the fabrication of near infrared (NIR) PeLEDs based on formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) with a high radiance of 92 W sr-1 m-2, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14% and reduced efficiency roll-off