INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS (IMNV) IN PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei IN INDONESIA

The aquaculture industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly and plays an important role in rural development and export earning. Penaeid shrimp culture in Indonesia has become a leading export earning in fisheries sector. The main constraint encountered with shrimp culture has always been associated with disease outbreaks, especially, caused by viral agents. The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was unofficially introduced to Indonesia in 1999, and officially approved by Indonesian government in 2001. By the end of 2007, the Pacific white shrimp has been cultured in more than 17 provinces. The Taura Syndrome (TS) disease was detected in Indonesia in 2002, and the disease is currently found in at least 10 provinces. The Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) is an emerging disease for L. vannamei in Indonesia, first detected in May-June 2006, causing significant mortalities in grow-out ponds. The IMN is characterized by an acute onset of gross signs: focal to extensive whitish necrotic areas in the striated muscle, especially on the distal abdominal segments and tail fan. White necrotic areas become reddened similar to the color of cooked shrimp. The outbreak resulted in elevated mortalities was initially associated with a chronic course of persistent low level mortalities. Up to date, IMN was detected in East Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara provinces. This paper is a brief review of the epidemiological study of IMN disease of Pacific white shrimp in Indonesia: the status of outbreaks, surveillance, and disease diagnosis, and control measures

INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS (IMNV) IN PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei IN INDONESIA

The aquaculture industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly and plays an important role in rural development and export earning. Penaeid shrimp culture in Indonesia has become a leading export earning in fisheries sector. The main constraint encountered with shrimp culture has always been associated with disease outbreaks, especially, caused by viral agents. The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was unofficially introduced to Indonesia in 1999, and officially approved by Indonesian government in 2001. By the end of 2007, the Pacific white shrimp has been cultured in more than 17 provinces. The Taura Syndrome (TS) disease was detected in Indonesia in 2002, and the disease is currently found in at least 10 provinces. The Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) is an emerging disease for L. vannamei in Indonesia, first detected in May-June 2006, causing significant mortalities in grow-out ponds. The IMN is characterized by an acute onset of gross signs: focal to extensive whitish necrotic areas in the striated muscle, especially on the distal abdominal segments and tail fan. White necrotic areas become reddened similar to the color of cooked shrimp. The outbreak resulted in elevated mortalities was initially associated with a chronic course of persistent low level mortalities. Up to date, IMN was detected in East Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara provinces. This paper is a brief review of the epidemiological study of IMN disease of Pacific white shrimp in Indonesia: the status of outbreaks, surveillance, and disease diagnosis, and control measures

Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Indonesia

Penaeid shrimp culture has become a leading export fishery in Indonesia. The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was unofficially intro- duced to Indonesia in 1999, and received government approval in 2001. By the end of 2007, the Pacific white shrimp was cultured in over 17 provinces. The main constraints of shrimp culture have always been diseases, espe- cially those caused by viral agents. Taura syndrome (TS) disease was detected in Indonesia in 2002 and the disease currently affects at least ten provinces. Infectious myonecrosis (IMN) is an emerging L. vannamei dis- ease, first detected in Indonesia in May-June 2006. IMN disease causes significant mortality in growout ponds and is characterized by acute onset of gross signs: focal to extensive whitish necrotic areas in the striated mus- cle, especially of the distal abdominal segments and the tail fan. The white necrotic areas redden, similar to the color of cooked shrimp. The outbreak results in elevated mortality that was initially associated with a chronic course of persistent low level mortality. To date, IMN has been detected in East Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara provinces. This paper reviews studies of IMN disease of Pacific white shrimp in Indonesia: outbreaks, sur- veillance, diagnosis, and control measures

Survailen Aktif Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (Imnv) pada Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang Dibudidayakan di Jawa Timur Dan Bali

An active surveillance of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in pond-cultured white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was conducted to determine the status of this disease. Samples of white shrimp (L. vannamei) were taken from ponds in East Java and Bali using proportional sampling. The sample was subjected to IMNV detection with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method and confirmed with histopathology. Results of this study showed that IMNV was found in shrimp samples from Kapongan, Situbondo district with the prevalence of 11,1%. Meanwhile, samples from other districts in East Java and Bali had no IMNV disease during this study. There is no treatment for viral disease in shrimp culture. Therefore, control of movement of live shrimp and application of biosecurity-area based should be more implemented among the shrimp culture area