Adsorption Behavior of Iodine by Novel Covalent Organic Polymers Constructed Through Heterostructural Mixed Linkers

The efficient capture and storage radioactive iodine (129I or 131I) formed during the extensive use of nuclear energy is of paramount importance. Therefore, it is a great deal to design and empolder new adsorbents for effectively disposing of iodine from nuclear waste. In this work, we presented a novel covalent organic polymer (JLUE-COP-3) constructed through heterostructural mixed linkers with perforated porousness, plenty of π-conjugated phenyl rings and functional –CO–NH– and –SO3H groups to iodine adsorption process. After fully characterizing the morphology and structure, the adsorption behavior of iodine by the resultant polymers were explored in detail. The external adsorption behavior was determined to obey the pseudo-second order kinetic model according to the kinetic analysis. The maximum liquid adsorption capacity was obtained to reach 153.85 mg/g at 298 K, which was evaluated by the Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, the negative attributes of ΔG° as well as the positive attributes of ΔH° and ΔS° at three temperatures indicated the nature of the iodine adsorption over JLUE-COP-3 was spontaneous and endothermic. The current study could look forward to making great contributions to the facile fabrication of late-model three-component POP materials and their applications in treatment of nuclear waste

Generalized Ordered Propositions Fusion Based on Belief Entropy

A set of ordered propositions describe the different intensities of a characteristic of an object, the intensities increase or decrease gradually. A basic support function is a set of truth-values of ordered propositions, it includes the determinate part and indeterminate part. The indeterminate part of a basic support function indicates uncertainty about all ordered propositions. In this paper, we propose generalized ordered propositions by extending the basic support function for power set of ordered propositions. We also present the entropy which is a measure of uncertainty of a basic support function based on belief entropy. The fusion method of generalized ordered proposition also be presented. The generalized ordered propositions will be degenerated as the classical ordered propositions in that when the truth-values of non-single subsets of ordered propositions are zero. Some numerical examples are used to illustrate the efficiency of generalized ordered propositions and their fusion

Z-number-valued rule-based decision trees

As a novel architecture of a fuzzy decision tree constructed on fuzzy rules, the fuzzy rule-based decision tree (FRDT) achieved better performance in terms of both classification accuracy and the size of the resulted decision tree than other classical decision trees such as C4.5, LADtree, BFtree, SimpleCart and NBTree. The concept of Z-number extends the classical fuzzy number to model both uncertain and partial reliable information. Z-numbers have significant potential in rule-based systems due to their strong representation capability. This paper designs a Z-number-valued rulebased decision tree (ZRDT) and provides the learning algorithm. Firstly, the information gain is used to replace the fuzzy confidence in FRDT to select features in each rule. Additionally, we use the negative samples to generate the second fuzzy numbers that adjust the first fuzzy numbers and improve the model’s fit to the training data. The proposed ZRDT is compared with the FRDT with three different parameter values and two classical decision trees, PUBLIC and C4.5, and a decision tree ensemble method, AdaBoost.NC, in terms of classification effect and size of decision trees. Based on statistical tests, the proposed ZRDT has the highest classification performance with the smallest size for the produced decision tree.The project B-TIC-590-UGR20Programa Operativo FEDER 2014-2020Regional Ministry of EconomyKnowledgeEnterprise and Universities (CECEU) of AndalusiaChina Scholarship Council (CSC) (202106070037)Project PID2019-103880RB-I00MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Andalusian government through project P20_0067

A Modified Uncertainty Measure of Z-numbers

The Z-number is a more adequate construct for describing real-life information. While considering the uncertainty of the information, it also models the partial reliability of the information. It is a combination of probabilistric restriction and possibilistric restriction. In this paper, we modified the uncertainty measurement of the discrete Z-number and proposed the uncertainty measurement of the continuous Z-number. Some numerical examples are used to illustrate the calculation processes and advantages of the proposed method. An application of journey vehicle selection shows the effectiveness of the proposed uncertainty measurement in determining the weights of criteria

The arithmetic of triangular Z-numbers with reduced calculation complexity using an extension of triangular distribution

This work was supported by project PID2019-103880RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto B-TIC-590-UGR20, by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) , and by the Andalusian government through project P2000673. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA.Information that people rely on is often uncertain and partially reliable. Zadeh introduced the concept of Z-numbers as a more adequate formal construct for describing uncertain and partially reliable information. Most existing applications of Z-numbers involve discrete ones due to the high complexity of calculating continuous ones. However, the continuous form is the most common form of information in the real world. Simplifying continuous Z-number calculations is significant for practical applications. There are two reasons for the complexity of continuous Z-number calculations: the use of normal distributions and the inconsistency between the meaning and definition of Z-numbers. In this paper, we extend the triangular distribution as the hidden probability density function of triangular Z-numbers. We add a new parameter to the triangular distribution to influence its convexity and concavity, and then expand the value's domain of the probability measure. Finally, we implement the basic operations of triangular Z-numbers based on the extended triangular distribution. The suggested method is illustrated with numerical examples, and we compare its computational complexity and the entropy (uncertainty) of the resulting Z-number to the traditional method. The comparison shows that our method has lower computational complexity, higher precision and lower uncertainty in the results.MCIN/AEI PID2019-103880RB-I00FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto B-TIC-590-UGR20China Scholarship CouncilAndalusian government P2000673Universidad de Granada/CBU

Spatial Patterns and Determinants of the Diversity of Hemipteran Insects in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Large-scale patterns of species richness is an important issue in biogeography and ecology. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is a biodiversity hotspot in the world, which has an important status in the zoogeographical realms. Here, we analyzed the diversity patterns of Hemipteran insects in the QTP, and tested whether the patterns can be jointly explained by modern environmental as well as historical factors. A comprehensive geographic distribution dataset consisting of 1,166 Hemipteran species, which belong to 510 genera and 53 families, was compiled and used in our analyses. Patterns of richness were mapped into a grid-based map with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°. An unbalanced diversity pattern of the Hemipteran insects in the QTP was presented, with more species in the eastern and southern parts of the plateau, while few species in the northern and main surface of the plateau. The northwestern Sichuan, the southern Gansu, the southeastern Tibet, the northwestern Yunnan and the eastern Qinghai were identified as diversity hotspots of species richness. Further analyses based on General linear models and Random Forest indicated that the diversity patterns of Hemipteran insects were influenced by both contemporary environmental factors and historical factors (e.g., habitat heterogeneity, climate stability, energy availability). Specifically, the species richness patterns of all Hemipteran insects in the QTP have been mainly affected by elevation range, temperature annual range, min temperature of coldest month, mean temperature of coldest quarter and the temperature change since the Last Glacial Maximum. In contrast, the water-related variables have relatively small effects on species richness. In addition, although habitat heterogeneity was indicated the most important factor for different suborders of Hemiptera, the climate stability was another dominate factor for Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha, while Sternorrhyncha was more affected by historical climate change

Peer assumption: an illusory consensus hidden in the criminal responsibility of juvenile offender—evidence from psychology

IntroductionThere is a consensus hidden in the criminal legislation of many countries that the criminal responsibility capacity of juvenile offenders is not significantly different from that of their peers. The purpose of this paper was to test this hypothesis. The research objects of this paper were 187 juvenile offenders in J Province, China, who are under detention measures, and 2,449 students from junior high school, senior high school and university in S Province as comparison objects. We subjected the gathered materials to independent-samples t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results(1) The self-control ability (109.30, 123.59) and empathy ability (63.86, 72.45) of juvenile offenders were significantly different from those of ordinary minors, but the difference of dialectical thinking ability was not statistically significant; (2) Except for the influence of mother’s education level and family income on dialectical thinking ability, the other variables had no statistical significance on the three kinds of ability. Therefore, it was suggested that the correction plan and means for juvenile offenders should focus on the improvement of self-control ability and empathy ability

AP39, a novel mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating the AMPK/UCP2 pathway.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum, highly effective antitumor agent; however, its cardiotoxicity has greatly limited its use. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous transmitter that exerts cardioprotective effects via the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis and maintenance of mitochondrial function, among other mechanisms. AP39 is a novel mitochondria-targeted H2S donor that, at appropriate concentrations, attenuates intracellular oxidative stress damage, maintains mitochondrial function, and ameliorates cardiomyocyte injury. In this study, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models were established using H9c2 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the protective effect of AP39 and its mechanisms of action. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that DOX induces oxidative stress injury, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes and decreases the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK and UCP2. All DOX-induced changes were attenuated by AP39 treatment. Furthermore, the protective effect of AP39 was significantly attenuated by the inhibition of AMPK and UCP2. The results suggest that AP39 ameliorates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating the expression of AMPK/UCP2