Alveolar macrophage modulation via the gut–lung axis in lung diseases

Several studies have demonstrated great potential implications for the gut–lung axis in lung disease etiology and treatment. The gut environment can be influenced by diet, metabolites, microbiotal composition, primary diseases, and medical interventions. These changes modulate the functions of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to shape the pulmonary immune response, which greatly impacts lung health. The immune modulation of AMs is implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. However, the mechanism of the gut–lung axis in lung diseases has not yet been determined. This mini-review aimed to shed light on the critical nature of communication between the gut and AMs during the development of pulmonary infection, injury, allergy, and malignancy. A better understanding of their crosstalk may provide new insights into future therapeutic strategies targeting the gut–AM interaction

Complementary Skyrmion Racetrack Memory with Voltage Manipulation

Magnetic skyrmion holds promise as information carriers in the next-generation memory and logic devices, owing to the topological stability, small size and extremely low current needed to drive it. One of the most potential applications of skyrmion is to design racetrack memory (RM), named Sk-RM, instead of utilizing domain wall (DW). However, current studies face some key design challenges, e.g., skyrmion manipulation, data representation and synchronization etc. To address these challenges, we propose here a complementary Sk-RM structure with voltage manipulation. Functionality and performance of the proposed design are investigated with micromagnetic simulations.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Voltage Controlled Magnetic Skyrmion Motion for Racetrack Memory

Magnetic skyrmion, vortex-like swirling topologically stable spin configurations, is appealing as information carrier for future nanoelectronics, owing to the stability, small size and extremely low driving current density. One of the most promising applications of skyrmion is to build racetrack memory (RM). Compared to domain wall-based RM (DW-RM), skyrmion-based RM (Sky-RM) possesses quite a few benefits in terms of energy, density and speed etc. Until now, the fundamental behaviors, including nucleation/annihilation, motion and detection of skyrmion have been intensively investigated. However, one indispensable function, i.e., pinning/depinning of skyrmion still remains an open question and has to be addressed before applying skyrmion for RM. Furthermore, Current research mainly focuses on physical investigations, whereas the electrical design and evaluation are still lacking. In this work, we aim to promote the development of Sky-RM from fundamental physics to realistic electronics. First, we investigate the pinning/depinning characteristics of skyrmion in a nanotrack with the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect. Then, we propose a compact model and design framework of Sky-RM for electrical evaluation. This work completes the elementary memory functionality of Sky-RM and fills the technical gap between the physicists and electronic engineers, making a significant step forward for the development of Sky-RM.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Mortality, patient-reported outcome measures, and the health economic burden of prosthetic joint infection

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications for a patient following arthroplasty. This scoping review aims to evaluate the burden of PJI on individual patients and the healthcare system regarding the mortality rate, patient-reported quality of life, and healthcare resource utilisation. Patients with PJI have up to a five-fold higher mortality rate than those who have undergone an uninfected primary arthroplasty. There is an increased use of ambulatory aids and reduced joint function scores in patients with PJI. Global quality of life is poorer, specifically measured by the EQ-5D. Direct hospitalisation costs are two- to five-fold higher, attributed to surgery and prostheses, antibiotics, and a prolonged inpatient stay. There is an immense clinical and health economic burden secondary to PJI worldwide. This is expected to rise exponentially due to the increasing number of primary procedures and an ageing population with comorbidities • Improving preventative and treatment strategies is imperative for patients and the healthcare system

Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis

Advances in lung cancer research applying machine learning (ML) technology have generated many relevant literature. However, there is absence of bibliometric analysis review that aids a comprehensive understanding of this field and its progress. Present article for the first time performed a bibliometric analysis to clarify research status and focus from 2010 to 2021. In the analysis, a total of 2,312 relevant literature were searched and retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We conducted a bibliometric analysis and further visualization. During that time, exponentially growing annual publication and our model have shown a flourishing research prospect. Annual citation reached the peak in 2017. Researchers from United States and China have produced most of the relevant literature and strongest partnership between them. Medical image analysis and Nature appeared to bring more attention to the public. The computer-aided diagnosis, precision medicine, and survival prediction were the focus of research, reflecting the development trend at that period. ML did make a big difference in lung cancer research in the past decade

Interface control of domain wall depinning field

We study the impact of Mg insertion layer at the CoFeB|MgO interface on the domain wall depinning field and motion as well as other magnetic properties in a perpendicular magnetized Ta/CoFeB/Mg(wedged)/MgO structure. With the increase of the Mg layer from 0.4 nm to 0.8 nm, the field-induced domain wall moving velocity increases while the depinning field decreases. The minimum depinning field of around 10 Oe for as-grown sample and 7 Oe for annealed sample is found with a 0.8 nm Mg insertion layer, which is 2 times lower than the ones reported before. Further increase of the Mg layer leads to a lower velocity and higher depinning field. Similar phenomena happens to the magnetic properties such as the saturation magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Both for as-grown and annealed samples, the tendency is similar. This may be explained by the oxidation and crystallinity manipulation of the CoFeB|MgO interface. These results show an ultra-low depinning field in the Ta/CoFeB/MgO system as well as a possible way for controlling the depinning field