Separation and Purification of Four Stilbenes from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon Roots Through High-speed Counter-current Chromatography

A method for preparative separation and purification of trans-resveratrol, δ-viniferin, ε-viniferin and trans-vitisin B from the roots of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon was successfully established and is reported on in this paper. The four important stilbenes were purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a suitable quaternary solvent system composed of chloroform–methanol–n-butanol–water (4:3:0.05:2, v/v). A total of 7.1 mg ± 0.2 mg of trans-resveratrol, 1.1 mg ± 0.1 mg of δ-viniferin, 18.7 mg ± 0.5 mg of ε-viniferin, and 12.2 mg ± 0.2 mg of trans-vitisin B, with purities of 97.89%, 90.61%, 94.37% and 78.38% respectively, were obtained from 241 mg of crude sample in a one-step HSCCC separation. The chemical structures of trans-resveratrol and δ-viniferin were further confirmed with the retention time using the method of standard addition, while the structural identification of ε-viniferin and trans-vitisin B was performed with LC-ESI/MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR

OneVOS: Unifying Video Object Segmentation with All-in-One Transformer Framework

Contemporary Video Object Segmentation (VOS) approaches typically consist stages of feature extraction, matching, memory management, and multiple objects aggregation. Recent advanced models either employ a discrete modeling for these components in a sequential manner, or optimize a combined pipeline through substructure aggregation. However, these existing explicit staged approaches prevent the VOS framework from being optimized as a unified whole, leading to the limited capacity and suboptimal performance in tackling complex videos. In this paper, we propose OneVOS, a novel framework that unifies the core components of VOS with All-in-One Transformer. Specifically, to unify all aforementioned modules into a vision transformer, we model all the features of frames, masks and memory for multiple objects as transformer tokens, and integrally accomplish feature extraction, matching and memory management of multiple objects through the flexible attention mechanism. Furthermore, a Unidirectional Hybrid Attention is proposed through a double decoupling of the original attention operation, to rectify semantic errors and ambiguities of stored tokens in OneVOS framework. Finally, to alleviate the storage burden and expedite inference, we propose the Dynamic Token Selector, which unveils the working mechanism of OneVOS and naturally leads to a more efficient version of OneVOS. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of OneVOS, achieving state-of-the-art performance across 7 datasets, particularly excelling in complex LVOS and MOSE datasets with 70.1% and 66.4% $J \& F$ scores, surpassing previous state-of-the-art methods by 4.2% and 7.0%, respectively. And our code will be available for reproducibility and further research.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure

Necrotizing pneumonia and purulent meningitis caused by bloodstream infection of CA-MRSA in a child: A rare case report

Case presentationWe report the case of a girl aged 2 years and 10 months who had fever for 2 days, vomiting, poor mental status for 1 day, and one episode of convulsions.Symptoms and signsThe patient experienced a rapid onset of symptoms with fever, vomiting, and convulsions. Upon physical examination on admission, she presented with the following: temperature 38.6°C; pulse 185 beats/min; respiration 49 beats/min; blood pressure 89/51 mmHg; drowsiness; piebald skin all over her body; rice-grain-sized pustular rashes scattered on the front chest and both lower limbs, protruding from the surface of the skin; bilateral pupils that were equal in size and a circle with a diameter of about 3.0 mm, and slow light reflex; cyanotic lips; shortness of breath; positive for the three-concave sign; a small amount of phlegm that could be heard in both lungs; capillary refill time of 5 s; cold extremities; and a positive Babinski sign.Diagnostic methodA chest computed tomography scan showed multiple nodular and flake-like high-density shadows of varying sizes in each lobe in bilateral lungs, and a cavity with blurred edges could be seen in some nodules. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated that the hyperintensity of diffusion-weighted imaging could be observed on the left cerebellar hemisphere and left parietal blade. Blood cultures, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by fiberoptic bronchoscopy all indicated the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Treatment methodsAfter admission, the child was given meropenem combined with vancomycin, cefoperazone sulbactam combined with rifamycin, linezolid (oral) for anti-infection successively, and other adjuvant therapies.Clinical outcomesThe patient recovered clinically and was discharged from our hospital.Recommended readersNeurology; Respiratory Medicine; Infectious Diseases Department

Comparative analysis of intestinal microbiota composition between free-ranged captive yak populations in Nimu County

The intestinal microbiota assumes a pivotal role in modulating host metabolism, immune responses, overall health, and additional physiological dimensions. The structural and functional characteristics of the intestinal microbiota may cause alterations within the host’s body to a certain extent. The composition of the gut microbiota is associated with environmental factors, dietary habits, and other pertinent conditions. The investigation into the gut microbiota of yaks remained relatively underexplored. An examination of yak gut microbiota holds promise in elucidating the complex relationship between microbial communities and the adaptive responses of the host to its environment. In this study, yak were selected from two distinct environmental conditions: those raised in sheds (NS, n=6) and grazed in Nimu County (NF, n=6). Fecal samples were collected from the yaks and subsequently processed for analysis through 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing methodologies. The results revealed that different feeding styles result in significant differences in the Alpha diversity of fungi in the gut of yaks, while the gut microbiota of captive yaks was relatively conserved. In addition, significant differences appeared in the abundance of microorganisms in different taxa, phylum Verrucomicrobiota was significantly enriched in group NF while Firmicutes was higher in group NS. At the genus level, Akkermansia, Paenibacillus, Roseburia, Dorea, UCG_012, Anaerovorax and Marvinbryantia were enriched in group NF while Desemzia, Olsenella, Kocuria, Ornithinimicrobium and Parvibacter were higher in group NS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the function of gut microbiota between the two groups. The observed variations are likely influenced by differences in feeding methods and environmental conditions both inside and outside the pen. The findings of this investigation offer prospective insights into enhancing the yak breeding and expansion of the yak industry

Improved uniform convergence of a finite difference approximation to a kind of singularly perturbed problems(一类奇异摄动问题有限差分逼近改进的一致收敛性)

对于一类奇异摄动问题，给出了 一种半离散差分格式，其网格是通过等分布所研究问题解的弧长控制函数而生成的.通过采用离散最大模原理和先验截断误差估计，证明了离散最大模下数值解是关于摄动参数ε一阶一致收敛的.这比已有文献中的误差收敛阶有明显的改进.数值实验验证了理论分析的正确性

A Hybrid Approach Using Maximum Entropy Model and Conditional Random Fields to Identify Tibetan Person Names

Tibetan person name recognition is one of the most difficult tasks in the area of Tibetan information processing, and the effect of recognition impacts directly on the precision of Tibetan word segmentation and the performance of relative application systems, including Tibetan-Chinese machine translation, Tibetan informationretrieval, text categorization, etc. Based on the analysis of wording rules and features of Tibetan person names, this paper proposes a method which combines maximum entropy and conditional random fields to identify Tibetan person names. The experiment shows that this approach works quite well, with the value of F1-measure reaching 93.29%

Comparative study to determine the proper sequence of simulation training, pelvic trainer versus virtual reality simulator: a pilot study

Abstract Background Increased surgical efficacy has led to a remarkable increase in the usage of minimally invasive surgical procedures since their inception. The use of simulation in surgical teaching has grown significantly during the past 10 years. Several laparoscopic simulators have been built. Virtual reality (VR) simulators and box trainers (BTs), often known as pelvic trainers, are the two primary training modalities used in hospitals and clinical training institutes for the development and acquisition of laparoscopic skills. Our study aimed to evaluate the proper sequence of pelvic trainers and VR simulator training to improve laparoscopic gynecological skills. Methodology We carried out this pilot study at the Virtual Endoscopic Simulation and Skills Acquisition Laboratory at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in the Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, from February to August 2022. All residents with minimal or without laparoscopic experience (twenty residents) were divided into two groups and classified as (group A versus group B). Group A’s training began with a pelvic trainer, which was tested using a checklist. Later, the group trained on a virtual reality simulator, which tested them using an electronic autoassessment. After training on a virtual reality simulator and passing an electronic autoassessment test, group B moved on to pelvic trainers and had a checklist-based assessment. Results We compared pelvic trainer tasks between the training groups, and detected no significant differences in camera navigation, cutting pattern, peg transfer, or running stitches (P values 0.646, 0.341, 0.179, and 0.939 respectively); when we compared VR simulator tasks between the training groups, there were no significant differences in camera navigation, cutting pattern, peg transfer, or running stitches (P values 0.79, 0.3, 0.33, and 0.06, respectively). Conclusion There was no difference in training, between residents who started on a pelvic trainer or the VR simulator; therefore, both could be used in laparoscopic training with no preferred order. Trial registration The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the name “Pelvic trainer vs VRS” and the identifier “NCT05255614.” The registration date was January 19, 2022, and the trial was prospectively registered. URL: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/ViewOrUnrelease?uid=U0004GED&ts=22&sid=S000BR5D&cx=t6mc1

Evaluation of the seismic performance of butt-fusion joint in large diameter polyethylene pipelines by full-scale shaking table test

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines in nuclear power plants (NPPs) have to meet high requirements for seismic performance. HDPE pipes have been proved to have good seismic performance, but joints are the weak links in the pipelines, and pipeline failures usually initiate from the defects inside the joints. Limited data are available on the seismic performance of butt-fusion joints of HDPE pipelines in NPPs, especially in terms of defects changes inside the joints after earthquakes. In this paper, full-scale shaking table tests were performed on a test section of suspended HDPE pipelines in an NPP, which included straight pipes, elbows, and 10 butt-fusion joints. During the tests, the seismic load-induced strain of the joints was analyzed by strain gauges, and it was much smaller than the internal pressure and self-weight-induced strain. Before and after the shaking table tests, phased array ultrasonic testing (PA-UT) was conducted to detect defects inside the joints. The locations, numbers, and dimensions of the defects were analyzed. It was found that defects were more likely to occur in elbows joints. No new defect was observed after the shaking table tests, and the defects showed no significant growth, indicating the satisfactory seismic performance of the butt-fusion joints