Impact on Grassland Biomass from Climate Warming and Drying

It is becoming increasingly urgent to assess the impact of climate change on grassland biomass due to the important role these grasslands play in animal production. The typical steppe in Xilinhot of Inner Mongolia is the most representative vegetation types in the temperate grasslands of the northern China. One means to determine climate change is using the Aridity index (AI, also referred to as the dry degree of climate in this article) that is based on both temperature and precipitation (Arora 2002; Bannayan et al.. 2010; Nastos et al. 2012). The objective of this paper was to indicate how the biomass of a grassland ecosystem was affected by AI when determined by integrating regional temperature and precipitation

Research on the Most Sustainable Livestock Carrying Capacity in Grassland Management

Although the concept of livestock carrying capacity is highly controversial (Gillson and Hoffman 2007; Roe 1997), it is still used as the key index for grassland management, especially in China. ‘X city’ which has enacted a Lives-tock and Forage Balance Policy (LFBP) since the beginning of this century as part of a trial to test the effectiveness of the policy. The LFBP Implementing Rule in ‘X city’ (Trial Implementation) developed in 2002 was designed with the purpose of trying to adjust the utilization of grassland based on a predetermined livestock carrying capacity (LCC). We collected information on the LCC adopted by herders LCC and the LCC determined by local government in ‘X City’ to determine which LCC was more like to be sustainable, given that sustainable management by definition must be economically viable, ecologically sensible and socially acceptable. [Editor’s note: given some sensitivity of the research the city and county locations have not been disclosed

The weighted Hardy spaces associated to self-adjoint operators and their duality on product spaces

summary:Let $L$ be a non-negative self-adjoint operator acting on $L^2({\mathbb R}^n)$ satisfying a pointwise Gaussian estimate for its heat kernel. Let $w$ be an $A_r$ weight on ${\mathbb R}^n\times {\mathbb R}^n$, $1<r<\infty$. In this article we obtain a weighted atomic decomposition for the weighted Hardy space $H^{p}_{L,w}({\mathbb R}^n\times {\mathbb R}^n)$, $0<p\leq 1$ associated to $L$. Based on the atomic decomposition, we show the dual relationship between $H^{1}_{L,w}({\mathbb R}^n\times {\mathbb R}^n)$ and ${\rm BMO}_{L,w}({\mathbb R}^n\times {\mathbb R}^n)$