Full-scale spatio-temporal traffic flow estimation for city-wide networks: a transfer learning based approach

The full-scale spatio-temporal traffic flow estimation/prediction has always been a hot spot in transportation engineering. The low coverage rate of detectors in transport networks brings difficulties to the city-wide traffic flow estimation/prediction. Moreover, it is difficult for traditional analytical traffic flow models to deal with the traffic flow estimation/prediction problem over urban transport networks in a complex environment. Current data-driven methods mainly focus on road segments with detectors. An instance-based transfer learning method is proposed to estimate network-wide traffic flows including road segments without detectors. Case studies based on simulation data and empirical data collected from the open-source PeMS database are conducted to verify its effectiveness. For the traffic flow estimation of segments without detectors, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is approximately 11% for both datasets, which is superior to the existing methods in the literature and reduces MAPE by two percentage points

Swertiamarin or heat-transformed products alleviated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of apoptotic and Nrf-2/NF-κB pathways

Objective: Swertiamarin (STM) belongs to iridoid class of compounds, and the heat-transformed products (HTPS) are produced by STM in the process of drug processing. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect and mechanism of STM or HTPS on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Mice and L-O2 cells were given APAP to establish the hepatotoxicity model in vivo and in vitro. The effects of STM or HTPS on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by APAP were evaluated, with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a positive control. Results: STM or HTPS reduced the APAP-induced apoptosis of L-O2 cells and significantly alleviated the liver injury index induced by APAP (p < 0.01, 0.005) Interestingly, HTPS had better protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity than STM (p < 0.05). In addition STM or HTPS improved the histological abnormalities; inhibited lipid peroxidation and reduced the level of inflammatory mediators. They also activated the defense system of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and inhibited nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB)