104,977 research outputs found
Thermodynamical Properties and Quasi-localized Energy of the Stringy Dyonic Black Hole Solution
In this article, we calculate the heat flux passing through the horizon and the difference of energy between the Einstein and
M{\o}ller prescription within the region , in which is the region
between outer horizon and inner horizon , for the
modified GHS solution, KLOPP solution and CLH solution. The formula . E_{\rm
Einstein}|_{\cal M} = . E_{\rm M{\o}ller}|_{\cal M} - \sum_{\partial {\cal M}}
{\bf TS}$ is obeyed for the mGHS solution and the KLOPP solution, but not for
the CLH solution. Also, we suggest a RN-like stringy dyonic black hole
solution, which comes from the KLOPP solution under a dual transformation, and
its thermodynamical properties are the same as the KLOPP solution
Energy Distribution in 2d Stringy Black Hole Backgrounds
We utilize Moller's and Einstein's energy-momentum complexes in order to
explicitly evaluate the energy distributions associated with the
two-dimensional "Schwarzschild" and "Reissner-Nordstrom" black hole
backgrounds. While Moller's prescription provides meaningful physical results,
Einstein's prescription fails to do so in the aforementioned gravitational
backgrounds. These results hold for all two-dimensional static black hole
geometries. The results obtained within this context are exploited in order
Seifert's hypothesis to be investigated.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, v2: acknowledgements added, to appear in
Int.J.Mod.Phys.
Ground State Energy for Fermions in a 1D Harmonic Trap with Delta Function Interaction
Conjectures are made for the ground state energy of a large spin 1/2 Fermion
system trapped in a 1D harmonic trap with delta function interaction. States
with different spin J are separately studied. The Thomas-Fermi method is used
as an effective test for the conjecture.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Escaping the crunch: gravitational effects in classical transitions
During eternal inflation, a landscape of vacua can be populated by the
nucleation of bubbles. These bubbles inevitably collide, and collisions
sometimes displace the field into a new minimum in a process known as a
classical transition. In this paper, we examine some new features of classical
transitions that arise when gravitational effects are included. Using the
junction condition formalism, we study the conditions for energy conservation
in detail, and solve explicitly for the types of allowed classical transition
geometries. We show that the repulsive nature of domain walls, and the de
Sitter expansion associated with a positive energy minimum, can allow for
classical transitions to vacua of higher energy than that of the colliding
bubbles. Transitions can be made out of negative or zero energy (terminal)
vacua to a de Sitter phase, re-starting eternal inflation, and populating new
vacua. However, the classical transition cannot produce vacua with energy
higher than the original parent vacuum, which agrees with previous results on
the construction of pockets of false vacuum. We briefly comment on the possible
implications of these results for various measure proposals in eternal
inflation.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figure
A comparative study of adaptive mutation operators for metaheuristics
Genetic algorithms (GAs) are a class of stochastic optimization methods inspired by the principles of natural evolution. Adaptation of strategy parameters and genetic operators has become an important and promising research area in GAs. Many researchers are applying adaptive techniques to guide the search of GAs toward optimum solutions. Mutation is a key component of GAs. It is a variation operator to create diversity for GAs. This paper investigates
several adaptive mutation operators, including population level adaptive mutation operators and gene level adaptive mutation operators, for GAs and compares their performance based on a set of uni-modal and multi-modal benchmark problems. The experimental results show that the gene
level adaptive mutation operators are usually more efficient than the population level adaptive mutation operators for GAs
An adaptive mutation operator for particle swarm optimization
Copyright @ 2008 MICParticle swarm optimization (PSO) is an effcient tool for optimization and search problems. However, it is easy to betrapped into local optima due to its in-formation sharing mechanism. Many research works have shown that mutation operators can help PSO prevent prema- ture convergence. In this paper, several mutation operators that are based on the global best particle are investigated and compared for PSO. An adaptive mutation operator is designed. Experimental results show that these mutation operators can greatly enhance the performance of PSO. The adaptive mutation operator shows great advantages over non-adaptive mutation operators on a set of benchmark test problems.This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of UK under Grant EP/E060722/1
Optical phase conjugation with less than a photon per degree of freedom
We demonstrate experimentally that optical phase conjugation can be used to
focus light through strongly scattering media even when far less than a photon
per optical degree of freedom is detected. We found that the best achievable
intensity contrast is equal to the total number of detected photons, as long as
the resolution of the system is high enough. Our results demonstrate that phase
conjugation can be used even when the photon budget is extremely low, such as
in high-speed focusing through dynamic media, or imaging deep inside tissue
Energy and Momentum Distributions of a (2+1)-dimensional black hole background
Using Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Papapetrou and Weinberg energy-momentum
complexes we explicitly evaluate the energy and momentum distributions
associated with a non-static and circularly symmetric three-dimensional
spacetime. The gravitational background under study is an exact solution of the
Einstein's equations in the presence of a cosmological constant and a null
fluid. It can be regarded as the three-dimensional analogue of the Vaidya
metric and represents a non-static spinless (2+1)-dimensional black hole with
an outflux of null radiation. All four above-mentioned prescriptions give
exactly the same energy and momentum distributions for the specific black hole
background. Therefore, the results obtained here provide evidence in support of
the claim that for a given gravitational background, different energy-momentum
complexes can give identical results in three dimensions. Furthermore, in the
limit of zero cosmological constant the results presented here reproduce the
results obtained by Virbhadra who utilized the Landau-Lifshitz energy-momentum
complex for the same (2+1)-dimensional black hole background in the absence of
a cosmological constant.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, v3: references added, to appear in Int.J.Mod.Phys.
HRTEM study of a new non-stoichiometric BaTiO(3-δ) structure
BaTiO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with Ni internal electrodes are co-fired in
reducing atmospheres to avoid oxidation of the electrode. Although dielectric materials are doped by
acceptor, donor and amphoteric dopants to minimize the oxygen vacancy content, there is still a
large concentration of oxygen vacancies that are accommodated in the BaTiO3 active layers. In
general, ABO3 perovskites demonstrates a strong ability to accommodate the oxygen vacancies and
maintain a regular pseudo-cubic structure. Oxygen deficient barium titanate can be transformed to a
hexagonal polymorph (h-BT) at high temperatures1,2. In this paper, we report the new modulated and
long range ordered structures of non-stoichiometric BaTiO3-δ that are observed in the electrically
degraded Ni-BaTiO3 MLCCs at low temperature
Recent results from BRAHMS
The BRAHMS collaboration ended its data collection program in 2006. We are
now well advanced in the analysis of a comprehensive set of data that spans
systems ranging in mass from p+p to Au+Au and in energy from to 200 GeV. Our analysis has taken two distinct paths: we explore the
rapidity dependence of intermediate and high-transverse-momentum,
identified-particle production, thus helping to characterize the
strongly-interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) formed at RHIC; we also explore
particle yields at lower transverse momentum to develop a systematic
understanding of bulk particle production at RHIC energies.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, presented at the 20th International Conference on
Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, "Quark Matter 2008", Jaipur,
India, February 4-10, 200
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