Interaction Between Supernova Remnant G22.7-0.2 And The Ambient Molecular Clouds

We have carried out 12CO (J=1-0 and 2-1), 13CO (J=1-0), and C18O (J=1-0) observations in the direction of the supernova remnant (SNR) G22.7-0.2. A filamentary molecular gas structure, which is likely part of a larger molecular complex with VLSR~75-79 km/s, is detected and is found to surround the southern boundary of the remnant. In particular, the high-velocity wing (77-110 km/s) in the 12CO (J=1-0 and J=2-1) emission shows convincing evidence of the interaction between SNR G22.7-0.2 and the 75-79 km/s molecular clouds (MCs). Spectra with redshifted profiles, a signature of shocked molecular gas, are seen in the southeastern boundary of the remnant. The association between the remnant and the 77 km/s MCs places the remnant at the near distance of 4.0-4.8 kpc, which agrees with a location on the Scutum-Crux arm. We suggest that SNR G22.7-0.2, SNR W41, and HII region G022.760-0.485 are at the same distance and are associated with GMC G23.0-0.4.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Ap

Examining the Decoy and the Phantom Decoy Effects on the Menu Item Choice

In the modern foodservice industry, restaurant potential customers encounter a vast quantity of information that influences their dining choices. Using theoretical foundations of traditional asymmetrical-dominating decoy and phantom decoy effects, this dissertation empirically tested a variety of decoy and phantom decoy items applied to a menu and investigated whether these effects increase the attractiveness of the target item and further increase customers’ likelihood of choosing the target item, as well as their post-choice assessments. Two separate experimental designs that manipulated different decoy and phantom decoy conditions and customers’ familiarity with the food items were conducted. The results of study 1 suggest that small-portion decoy items create significant impacts to sway people’s choice of small-portion menu items when they are familiar with such items. However, customers with low-familiarity are more likely to choose large-portion menu items. The results of study 2 demonstrate how the incorporation of distant phantom decoy items can influence customers’ decisions. Specifically, this relationship is moderated by customers’ familiarity levels with such food items. The results of this dissertation lend support to the effectiveness of strategically including decoy and phantom decoy items on the menu. Specific practical applications with regards to the decoy effects are provided to restaurant operators

The UL(3)×UR(3)U_L(3) \times U_R(3) Extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model in Differential Regularization

We employ the method of differential regularization to calculate explicitly the one-loop effective action of a bosonized $U_L(3)\times U_R(3)$ extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model consisting of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axial vector fields.Comment: LaTeX, 17 page