2-(3-Bromo-4-ethyl­phen­yl)-2-methyl­propanoic acid

In the title compound, C12H15BrO2, the carboxyl group forms a dihedral angle of 78.4 (3)° with the benzene ring plane. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

麻醉科医生工作倦怠现状及其影响因素研究

Objectives: To understand the status and the practical needs of the job burnout of anesthesiologists, and to analyze the main influence factors of it. Methods: Choosing CMBI as the main scale, to survey 337 anesthesiologists of 43 3A-grade or 2A-grade hospitals in Jiangsu, and to draw conclusions through the SPSS statistical analysis and literature research. Results: Female anesthesiologists are more highly depleted and an anesthesiologist, 40-49 years old, married, with a M.D.’s degree or in a senior professional title is at a high level of the job burnout. Job stress, health condition, monthly income, work experience and age influence the emotional exhaustion, with extra working hours, health condition, promotion opportunities, support from relatives and friends, hospital violence and night duties influencing the personal efficacy. Conclusions: Most of anesthesiologists in China are at mild or moderate level of the job burnout, which can be reduced by increasing opportunities for promotion and relieving working stress.目的  了解麻醉科医生工作倦怠方面研究现状及现实需要，分析麻醉科医生工作倦怠主要影响因素。方法  选择工作倦怠量表CMBI为主量表，结合文献研究，对江苏省43家三级与二级医院中337名麻醉科医生进行调查，并通过SPSS统计分析得出结论。结果  女性麻醉科医生耗竭程度较高，40～49岁、已婚、博士学位或高级职称麻醉科医生都有较高工作倦怠水平；耗竭维度影响因素为工作压力、健康状况、月均收入、工作年限及年龄，成就感降低维度影响因素为加班情况、健康状况、迁升机会、亲友支持、医院暴力及夜班情况。结论  国内医护人员中大部分都存在轻中程度工作倦怠，可通过增加迁升机会及缓解工作压力等减轻工作倦怠

Dynamic Evolution of S0_0∼\simS3_3 at the Oxygen Evolving Complex with the Spin Marker under the Photoelectric Polarization

Water oxidation in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of the photosystem II is catalyzed by the core cluster CaMn$_4$O$_5$ which was projected to experience five intermediate states S($\rm_i$) in the Kok's cycle since 1970's. However, the detailed dynamics of state evolutions still remains unclear, albeit with the general fact that the process is initiated by the transfer of photoelectrons with the steady electron donors of the water molecules. Based on density functional simulations, we find that the spin flips of Manganese atoms between the consecutive states in the electric polarization field can be used as a marker to uncover the intricate dynamic evolutions and the underlying dynamics. The dynamic electron and proton transfers and water insertion and dissociation are traced to reveal the evolution pathways of S$_0$$\sim$S$_3$ with commensurate spin flips towards the exact spin configuration of the next state. In particular, the various water insertions and dissociations at coordination sites of the S$_2$ open and closed cubane isomers are predicted with constraints on the necessary spin flips. Our study lays a solid ground for getting through the whole Kok's cycle via the pending S$_4$ state that is crucial for dioxygen generation.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Relativistic symmetry breaking in light kaonic nuclei

As the experimental data from kaonic atoms and $K^{-}N$ scatterings imply that the $K^{-}$-nucleon interaction is strongly attractive at saturation density, there is a possibility to form $K^{-}$-nuclear bound states or kaonic nuclei. In this work, we investigate the ground-state properties of the light kaonic nuclei with the relativistic mean field theory. It is found that the strong attraction between $K^{-}$ and nucleons reshapes the scalar and vector meson fields, leading to the remarkable enhancement of the nuclear density in the interior of light kaonic nuclei and the manifest shift of the single-nucleon energy spectra and magic numbers therein. As a consequence, the pseudospin symmetry is shown to be violated together with enlarged spin-orbit splittings in these kaonic nuclei.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure