On the Reproducibility and Generalisation of the Linear Transformation of Word Embeddings

Linear transformation is a way to learn a linear relationship between two word embeddings, such that words in the two different embedding spaces can be semantically related. In this paper, we examine the reproducibility and generalisation of the linear transformation of word embeddings. Linear transformation is particularly useful when translating word embedding models in different languages, since it can capture the semantic relationships between two models. We first reproduce two linear transformation approaches, a recent one using orthogonal transformation and the original one using simple matrix transformation. Previous findings on a machine translation task are re-examined, validating that linear transformation is indeed an effective way to transform word embedding models in different languages. In particular, we show that the orthogonal transformation can better relate the different embedding models. Following the verification of previous findings, we then study the generalisation of linear transformation in a multi-language Twitter election classification task. We observe that the orthogonal transformation outperforms the matrix transformation. In particular, it significantly outperforms the random classifier by at least 10% under the F1 metric across English and Spanish datasets. In addition, we also provide best practices when using linear transformation for multi-language Twitter election classification

Influence of Temperature on Characters of Thermoelectric Generators Based on Test Bed

In order to achieve the energy recovery of the coolant heat for internal combustion engine (ICE) using the thermoelectric generation (TEG) technology, one test bed for studying the influence of temperature on the characters of thermoelectric generators was established and the relationship between the temperature and characters of thermoelectric generator was researched based on it. The results showed that the cooling effect improved with the increase of fan speed which the fan was installed in the vertical direction of the radiator, but the cooling effect had a limit speed value. And it also indicated that the forced air cooling was better than the natural convection cooling method which can effectively reduce the temperature of the cold end while it has little effect on the hot end temperature. Moreover, the Seebeck coefficient was reduced with the increase of temperature difference between the two ends of thermoelectric generator and the Seebeck coefficient was also declined with one end temperature rise when the other end temperature was constant

Cultured Bacteria Provide Insight into the Functional Potential of the Coral-Associated Microbiome

Improving the availability of representative isolates from the coral microbiome is essential for investigating symbiotic mechanisms and applying beneficial microorganisms to improve coral health. However, few studies have explored the diversity of bacteria which can be isolated from a single species. Here, we isolated a total of 395 bacterial strains affiliated with 49 families across nine classes from the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Identification results showed that most of the strains represent potential novel bacterial species or genera. We also sequenced and assembled the genomes of 118 of these isolates, and then the putative functions of these isolates were identified based on genetic signatures derived from the genomes and this information was combined with isolate-specific phenotypic data. Genomic information derived from the isolates identified putative functions including nitrification and denitrification, dimethylsulfoniopropionate transformation, and supply of fixed carbon, amino acids, and B vitamins which may support their eukaryotic partners. Furthermore, the isolates contained genes associated with chemotaxis, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, membrane transport, signal transduction, and eukaryote-like repeat-containing and cell-cell attachment proteins, all of which potentially help the bacterium establish association with the coral host. Our work expands on the existing culture collection of coral-associated bacteria and provides important information on the metabolic potential of these isolates which can be used to refine understanding of the role of bacteria in coral health and are now available to be applied to novel strategies aimed at improving coral resilience through microbiome manipulation. IMPORTANCE Microbes underpin the health of corals which are the building blocks of diverse and productive reef ecosystems. Studying the culturable fraction of coral-associated bacteria has received less attention in recent times than using culture-independent molecular methods. However, the genomic and phenotypic characterization of isolated strains allows assessment of their functional role in underpinning coral health and identification of beneficial microbes for microbiome manipulation. Here, we isolated 395 bacterial strains from tissues of Pocillopora damicornis with many representing potentially novel taxa and therefore providing a significant contribution to coral microbiology through greatly enlarging the existing cultured coral-associated bacterial bank Through analysis of the genomes obtained in this study for the coral-associated bacteria and coral host, we elucidate putative metabolic linkages and symbiotic establishment. The results of this study will help to elucidate the role of specific isolates in coral health and provide beneficial microbes for efforts aimed at improving coral health

Correlation between Metabolite of Prostaglandin E2 and the incidence of colorectal adenomas

Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy, and the incidence and mortality rates continue to rise. An important factor in the emergence of inflammation-induced colorectal carcinogenesis is elevated cyclooxygenase-2. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) over-production is frequently equated with cyclooxygenase-2 gene over-expression. PGE2 can be assessed by measuring the level of prostaglandin’s main metabolite, PGE-M, in urine. Colorectal adenoma is a precancerous lesion that can lead to colorectal cancer. We conducted research to evaluate the association between urinary levels of the PGE-M and the risk of colorectal adenomas. In a western Chinese population, we identified 152 cases of adenoma and 152 controls patients without polyps. Adenoma cases were categorized into control, low-risk and high-risk groups. There was no significant change in PGE-M levels, between the control group and the low-risk adenoma group. In the high-risk group, the PGE-M levels were 23% higher than the control group. When compared to people with the lowest urine PGE-M levels (first quartile), people with greater urinary PGE-M levels had a higher chance of developing high-risk colorectal adenomas, with an adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.65 (0.76-3.57) in the fourth quartile group, (p= 0.013). We conclude urinary PGE-M is associated with the risk of developing high-risk adenomas. Urinary PGE-M level may be used as a non-invasive indicator for estimating cancer risk

Influence of Temperature on Characters of Thermoelectric Generators Based on Test Bed

In order to achieve the energy recovery of the coolant heat for internal combustion engine (ICE) using the thermoelectric generation (TEG) technology, one test bed for studying the influence of temperature on the characters of thermoelectric generators was established and the relationship between the temperature and characters of thermoelectric generator was researched based on it. The results showed that the cooling effect improved with the increase of fan speed which the fan was installed in the vertical direction of the radiator, but the cooling effect had a limit speed value. And it also indicated that the forced air cooling was better than the natural convection cooling method which can effectively reduce the temperature of the cold end while it has little effect on the hot end temperature. Moreover, the Seebeck coefficient was reduced with the increase of temperature difference between the two ends of thermoelectric generator and the Seebeck coefficient was also declined with one end temperature rise when the other end temperature was constant

Recognition of Oil and Gas Reservoir Space Based on Deep Learning

The identification of oil and gas reservoir space is of great significance to oil and gas exploration. Deep learning technology represented by convolutional neural network is currently the most widely used artificial intelligence method in the field of image recognition. Using convolutional neural networks to identify the type and content of the reservoir space can not only ensure the objectivity and accuracy of the results, but also reduce labor costs and improve work efficiency. It has achieved good results in the identification of the reservoir space of the Chang 6 oil-bearing group in the Ordos Basin, which has a certain promotion significance

Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy for Surgery Patients: A Comparison with Previous Standard of Care

BACKGROUND: Current literature reports that outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs improve cure rates, and reduce length of hospitalization and costs. OPAT programs are still relatively new in Canada.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of an OPAT program initiated at a multispecialty tertiary care facility in Toronto, Ontario, compared with the previous standard of care.METHODS: The present retrospective observational study was conducted using data from a group of surgical patients who were treated for active infections. Between February 1, 2010 and November 30, 2010, a total of 108 surgical patients were enrolled in the OPAT program. Patients were matched 1:1 with historical controls discharged between January 1, 2001 and January 1, 2010 according to age, sex, type of surgery, infection and comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index). Cure rate, 30-day rehospitalization and length of stay were evaluated as primary end points.RESULTS: Of 108 eligible OPAT patients, 21 were matched to the control group using the prespecified criteria. For this cohort, the OPAT program was associated with improved cure rates (OPAT 61.7% versus control 57.1%; P>0.10), reduction in rehospitalization rate (14.3% versus 28.6%; P>0.10) and reduced length of stay (10.7 versus 13.9 days, P>0.10) compared with the control group.CONCLUSIONS: For this cohort of surgery patients, the OPAT program demonstrated a trend toward improved outcomes but did not achieve statistical significance. Due to the lack of statistical power, further evaluation is required to determine the full benefit of OPAT to patients and the health care system.Peer Reviewe

Research on SSA-LSTM-Based Slope Monitoring and Early Warning Model

For geological disasters such as landslides, active prevention and early avoidance are the main measures to avoid major losses. Therefore, landslide early warning is an effective means to prevent the occurrence of landslide disasters. In this paper, based on geological survey and monitoring data, a landslide monitoring and early warning model based on SSA-LSTM is established for the landslide in Yaoshan Village, Xiping Town, Anxi County, Fujian Province, China. In the early warning model, the hyper parameters of the LSTM neural network are optimized using the SSA algorithm in order to achieve high-accuracy displacement prediction of the LSTM displacement prediction model, and are compared with the unoptimized LSTM, and the results show that the prediction effect of the optimized SSA-LSTM model is significantly improved. Since landslide monitoring and early warning is a long-term work, the model trained by the traditional offline learning method will inevitably have distortion of the prediction effect as the monitoring time becomes longer, so the online migration learning method is used to update the displacement prediction model and combine with the tangent angle model to quantify the warning level. The monitoring and early warning model put forth in this research can be used as a guide for landslide disaster early warning

Development and Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid Dosage Forms and Its Derivatives

Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that exists widely in medicinal herbs and other plants. Because of the extensive pharmacological activity, oleanolic acid has attracted more and more attention. However, the structural characteristics of oleanolic acid prevent it from being directly made into new drugs, which limits the application of oleanolic acid. Through the application of modern preparation techniques and methods, different oleanolic acid dosage forms and derivatives have been designed and synthesized. These techniques can improve the water solubility and bioavailability of oleanolic acid and lay a foundation for the new drug development. In this review, the recent progress in understanding the oleanolic acid dosage forms and its derivatives are discussed. Furthermore, these products were evaluated comprehensively from the perspective of characterization and pharmacokinetics, and this work may provide ideas and references for the development of oleanolic acid preparations

A Modular Coassembly Approach to All-In-One Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Synergistic Codelivery of Doxorubicin and Curcumin

Synergistic combination therapy by integrating chemotherapeutics and chemosensitizers into nanoparticles has demonstrated great potential to reduce side effects, overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), and thus improve therapeutic efficacy. However, with regard to the nanocarriers for multidrug codelivery, it remains a strong challenge to maintain design simplicity, while incorporating the desirable multifunctionalities, such as coloaded high payloads, targeted delivery, hemodynamic stability, and also to ensure low drug leakage before reaching the tumor site, but simultaneously the corelease of drugs in the same cancer cell. Herein, we developed a facile modular coassembly approach to construct an all-in-one multifunctional multidrug delivery system for the synergistic codelivery of doxorubicin (DOX, chemotherapeutic agent) and curcumin (CUR, MDR modulator). The acid-cleavable PEGylated polymeric prodrug (DOX-h-PCEC), tumor cell-specific targeting peptide (CRGDK-PEG-PCL), and natural chemosensitizer (CUR) were ratiometrically assembled into in one single nanocarrier (CUR/DOX-h-PCEC@CRGDK NPs). The resulting CUR/DOX-h-PCEC@CRGDK NPs exhibited several desirable characteristics, such as efficient and ratiometric drug loading, high hemodynamic stability and low drug leakage, tumor intracellular acid-triggered cleavage, and subsequent intracellular simultaneous drug corelease, which are expected to maximize a synergistic effect of chemotherapy and chemosensitization. Collectively, the multifunctional nanocarrier is feasible for the creation of a robust nanoplatform for targeted multidrug codelivery and efficient MDR modulation