Humanoid Motion Description Language

In this paper we propose a description language for specifying motions for humanoid robots and for allowing humanoid robots to acquire motor skills. Locomotion greatly increases our ability to interact with our environments, which in turn increases our mental abilities. This principle also applies to humanoid robots. However, there are great difficulties to specify humanoid motions and to represent motor skills, which in most cases require four-dimensional space representations. We propose a representation framework that includes the following attributes: motion description layers, egocentric reference system, progressive quantized refinement, and automatic constraint satisfaction. We also outline strategies for acquiring new motor skills by learning from trial and error, macro approach, and programming. Then, we outline the development of a new humanoid motion description language called Cybele

Understanding China’s Approaches to International Development

China’s impressive economic growth and increasing development activities overseas, particularly in the African continent, have spurred intense debate and criticism over its role as a rising power in international development. China is viewed in the West both as a threat, but also as a valuable potential partner in development cooperation. However, differences between Western and Chinese conceptions of foreign aid and development have complicated cooperation and understanding of China’s development and aid structures. Further knowledge of these differences is needed, in order to evaluate their implications for low-income countries, and for potential trilateral cooperation.UK Department for International Developmen

China’s Engagement in International Development Cooperation: The State of the Debate

This research aims to investigate the recent evolution of China’s discourse on development and aid. More precisely, how do China’s policymakers and influential scholars understand and debate China’s role in the field of international development aid, specifically in the context of China as a ‘rising power’? However, to reflect upon Chinese discourse in this manner is contrary to the Chinese perspective itself, where development and aid are rarely referred to in relation to each other. Instead, in the Chinese mind-set, to this day, national development and foreign aid seem to be two unrelated issues. It is exactly this point that shapes China’s attitude toward aid and creates divergence between China and the West on international development cooperation. Meanwhile, when dealing with China’s current policy debate on foreign aid, one primary issue is that the debate is essentially fostered by the West.UK Department for International Developmen

Hypomethylation-mediated overexpression of ITGA2 stimulates cell invasion and migration of thyroid carcinoma

Objective. To study the molecular mechanism of DNA methylation-mediated ITGA2 overexpression in thyroid carcinoma (TC). Methods. First, 450K methylation data and mRNA expression profiles in TCGA-THCA dataset were downloaded from TCGA database. ITGA2 was identified as a methylation-driven gene by using R package “MethylMix”. Afterwards, qRT-PCR, western blot and flow cytometry assay were performed to measure ITGA2 expression in TC cells. Methylationspecific PCR was utilized to measure promoter region methylation of ITGA2 in TC cells. Transwell and wound healing assays were carried out to assess cell invasive and migratory properties. Results. Compared with normal cells, TC cells presented significantly increased ITGA2 expression. In addition, ITGA2 expression was controlled by DNA methylation. Hypomethylation of CpG island resulted in an increased ITGA2 expression. Hence, methylation and expression levels of ITGA2 were inversely associated. Moreover, overexpression of ITGA2 and promoter region hypomethylation facilitated cell invasive and migratory abilities in TC. Conclusion. These findings authenticated that promoter region hypomethylation of ITGA2 fostered ITGA2 expression as well as TC cell invasion and migration

Investigating Unintegrated Gluon Distributions: Analytically Solving the Modified BFKL Equation with Anti-Shadowing Effect

This paper presents an analysis of the MD-BFKL equation, taking into consideration both shadowing and anti-shadowing effects in gluon recombination. We successfully derive analytical expressions for unintegrated gluon distributions by solving the MD-BFKL equation with and without the inclusion of the anti-shadowing effect. By comparing these solutions with the CT18NLO gluon distribution function, the study reveals that the anti-shadowing effect has a notably stronger impact on the behavior of unintegrated gluon distribution in regions of large rapidity and momentum.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Analytic solution of Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with running coupling constant using homogeneous balance method

In this study, we employ the homogeneous balance method to obtain an analytical solution to the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with running coupling. We utilize two distinct prescriptions of the running coupling scale, namely the saturation scale dependent running coupling and the dipole momentum dependent running coupling. By fitting the proton structure function experimental data, we determine the free parameters in the analytical solution. The resulting $\chi^{2}/d.o.f$ values are determined to be $1.07$ and $1.43$, respectively. With these definitive solutions, we are able to predict exclusive $J/\psi$ production, and demonstrate that analytical solutions with running coupling are in excellent agreement with $J/\psi$ differential and total cross section. Furthermore, our numerical results indicate that the analytical solution of the BK equation with running coupling can provide a reliable description for both the proton structure function and exclusive vector meson production.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

An analysis of the gluon distribution with next-to-leading order splitting function in small-xx

An approximated solution for gluon distribution from DGLAP evolution equations with NLO splitting function in the small-$x$ limit is presented. We first obtain the simplified forms of LO and NLO splitting functions in the small-$x$ limit. With these approximated splitting functions, we obtain the analytical gluon distribution by using the Mellin transform. The free parameters in the boundary conditions are obtained by fitting the CJ15 gluon distribution data. We find that the asymptotic behavior of gluon distribution are consistent with the CJ15 data, however, the NLO results with the consideration of ``ladder'' structure of gluon emission are slightly better than those from LO. These results indicate that the corrections from NLO is significant and is necessary for a better description of the behavior of the gluon distribution in small-$x$ region. In addition, we investigate the DGLAP evolution of the proton structure function by using the analytical solution of the gluon distribution. The differential structure function shows that our results have a similar tendency with CJ15 at small-$x$.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Persona-centric Metamorphic Relation guided Robustness Evaluation for Multi-turn Dialogue Modelling

Recently there has been significant progress in the field of dialogue system thanks to the introduction of training paradigms such as fine-tune and prompt learning. Persona can function as the prior knowledge for maintaining the personality consistency of dialogue systems, which makes it perform well on accuracy. Nonetheless, the conventional reference-based evaluation method falls short in capturing the genuine text comprehension prowess of the model, significantly relying on the quality of data annotation. In contrast, the application of metamorphic testing offers a more profound insight into the model's distinct capabilities without necessitating supplementary annotation labels. This approach furnishes a more comprehensive portrayal of the model's intricacies and exposes intricacies concealed within reference-based validation techniques. Consequently, we introduce a persona-centric metamorphic relation construction for metamorphic testing, aimed at evaluating both the persona consistency and robustness of personalized dialogue models. For that reason, this work evaluates several widely used training paradigms including learning from scratch, pretrain + fine-tune and prompt learning in personalized dialogue retrieval to know if they are more robust or if they have the same flaws as their predecessor. Under three kinds of designed metamorphic relations with consistent outputs, our experimental results reveal that prompt learning shows stronger robustness compared to training from scratch and fine-tune. Although tested retrieval models gain competitively high retrieval accuracy according to the traditional reference-based validation, they are still fragile and demonstrate various unexpected behaviors, thus there is still room for future improvement in personalized dialogue retrieval

Multi-level Extensible Synthetic Evaluation of the Quality of Passenger Transport Service of High-speed Rail

Abstract: This study establishes the evaluation index system of the quality of passenger transport service of highspeed rail based on the characteristics of passenger transport and determines the index weights with the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. In order to make up for the deficiencies of present quality evaluation method of passenger transport service of high-speed rail, this study develops the multi-level extensible synthetic evaluation model of the quality of passenger transport service of high-speed rail with the core of extension method based on the questionnaire survey to the passengers. This study tests the model with the data surveyed in a passenger station of high-speed rail, which can not only expand extension application areas, but also provide new ideas and means for the evaluation of the quality of passenger transport service of high-speed rail