Real double Hurwitz numbers with 33-cycles

We consider the problem of counting real ramified covers of $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1$ by genus $g$ real Riemann surfaces with ramification profiles $\lambda$, $\mu$ over $0$, $\infty$ respectively, and with ramification $(3,1,\ldots,1)$ over other real branch points. The resulted answers are real double Hurwitz numbers with $3$-cycles. We compute real double Hurwitz numbers with $3$-cycles via tropical covers, and introduce a lower bound, which does not depend on the distributions of real branch points, of these numbers. We give a non-vanishing theorem for the invariant. When the invariant is non-zero, we obtain a lower bound of a logarithmic asymptotics for the invariants as the degree tends to infinity. It implies the logarithmic asymptotic growth of real double Hurwitz numbers with $3$-cycles.Comment: 29 pages, 17 figures, presentation is improved, comments are welcom

Clinical observation on different nucleus delivery methods in small incision cataract surgery with non-phacoemulsification

AIM: To compare the clinical effect and characteristics of lens loop extracting nucleus method, water irrigation and nucleus fragmentation within anterior chamber in small incision cataract surgery with non-phacoemulsification. <p>METHODS:There were 324 cases(324 eyes)with senile cataract randomly divided into three groups, by the lens loop extracting nucleus method(group A), water irrigation(group B)and nucleus fragmentation within anterior chamber(group C), to complete the process of nucleus division. The time of nuclear removal, complication during operation, the degree of edema of corneal endothelium on the first day after the surgery and visual acuity after surgery were observed and recorded.<p>RESULTS:The average extracting nucleus time was 45s in lens loop(group A); 34s in water irrigation(group B)and 65s in manual fragmentation(group C).The differences of average time are statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05), and the complications in lens loop and manual fragmentation mainly are iris trauma and posterior capsular rupture; the complication in the water irrigation is hyphema. Regarding corneal edema from 0 to 1degree, the difference between group A and group B, group B and group C were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). The difference between group A and group C had no statistical significance(<i>P</i>>0.05).Regarding the visual acuity on the first day after surgery, the difference between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05), The visual acuity on the 7th day after surgery: the difference between group B and group C were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). In terms of the visual acuity on 1 momth after surgery: three groups have no statistically significant difference(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:Manual fragmentation has obvious advantages in removing nuclear above Ⅳ grade; The water irrigation method has fewer complications with low incidence of corner edema, which is more preferable in removing the nuclear below Ⅳ grade

Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activity Regulates Brain Expression of P-Glycoprotein in the Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure Rats

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of NF-κB activity on the seizure susceptibility, brain damage, and P-gp expression in kainic acid- (KA-) induced seizure rats. Male SD rats were divided into saline control group (NS group), KA induced epilepsy group (EP group), and epilepsy group intervened with NF-κB inhibitor-pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate salt (PDTC group) or with dexamethasone (DEX group). No seizures were observed in the rats of NS group. Compared with NS group, increased P-gp expression and NF-κB activation in the rat brain of the EP group were observed after KA micro-injection. Both PDTC and DEX pre-treatment significantly increased the latency to grade III or V seizure onset compared to EP group but failed to show neuron-protective effect as the number of survival neurons didn't significantly differ from that in EP group. Furthermore, PDTC pre-treatment significantly decreased P-gp expression along with NF-κB activation in the hippocampus CA3 area and amygdala complex of rats compared with the EP group, implying that NF-κB activation involved in the seizure susceptibility and seizure induced brain P-gp over-expression. Additionally, DEX pre-treatment only decreased P-gp expression level without inhibition of NF-κB activation, suggesting NF-κB independent pathway may also participate in regulating seizure induced P-gp over-expression

Istodobni dokaz i razlikovanje svinjskog cirkovirusa tip 2, virusa reprodukcijskog i respiratornog sindroma tip 2, parvovirusa i virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga višestrukom lančanom reakcijom polimerazom u odbijene prasadi sa sindromom kržljavosti.

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed for the simultaneous detection of four viruses involved in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV). Each of the four pairs of primers exclusively amplified the targeted fragment of the specific viruses. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR, using purified plasmid constructs containing the specific viral target fragments, was 4.0×103, 4.5×103, 3.0×102 and 5.0×102 copies for PCV-2, type 2 PRRSV, PPV, PRV. Among 82 clinical samples, coinfection by PCV-2 and type 2 PRRSV was the most common. When compared with the virus isolation method commonly used to detect viruses, the multiplex PCR assay was found to be more sensitive and rapid and, as such, may prove to be a good alternative method for the detection of and differentiation in PMWS in pigs.Višestruka lančana reakcija polimerazom (PCR) razvijena je za istodobni dokaz četiriju virusa koji se nalaze kod sindroma kržljavosti odbijene prasadi: svinjskog cirkovirusa tip 2, virusa reprodukcijskog i respiratornog sindroma tip 2, parvovirusa i virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga. Svaki od četiri para početnica bio je specifičan isključivo za umnožavanje specifičnog fragmenta određenog virusa. Osjetljivost višestrukog PCR-a upotrebom pročišćenih konstrukata plazmida koji sadrže specifične virusne fragmente bila je na razini 4,0×103 kopija za svinjski cirkovirus tip 2, 4,5×103 kopija za virus reprodukcijskog i respiratornog sindroma, 3,0×102 za svinjski parvovirus i 5,0×102 kopija za virus bolesti Aujeszkoga. Među 82 klinička uzorka često je dokazana koinfekcija svinjskim cirkovirusom tip 2 i virusom respiratornog i reprodukcijskog sindroma. U usporedbi s izolacijom virusa, višestruka lančana reakcija polimerazom pokazala se osjetljivijom i bržom te se kao takva može rabiti kao alternativna metoda za dokaz i razlikovanje uzročnika sindroma kržljavosti prasadi

Low compressible noble metal carbides with rock-salt structure: ab initio total energy calculations of the elastic stability

We have systematically studied the mechanical stability of all noble metal carbides with the rock-salt structure by calculating their elastic constants within the density function theory scheme. It was found that only four carbides (RuC, PdC, AgC and PtC) are mechanically stable. In particular, we have shown that RuC, PdC, and PtC have very high bulk modulus, which has been remarkably observed by the most recent experiment for the case of PtC. From the calculated density of states, we can conclude that these compounds are metallic, like the conventional group IV and group V transition metal carbides.Comment: Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 071913 (2006

The Methylation Status and Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus Early Genes BARF1 and BHRF1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinomas

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important DNA virus which establishes latent infection in human malignancies. Expression of EBVencoded genes in the associated tumors is strongly modulated by promoter CpG methylation of EBV genome. This study aimed to explore the methylation status of the promoters of EBV BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1) and BamHI-H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1) and their influence on transcriptional expression, to further understand the roles of BARF1 and BHRF1 in the occurrence of EBV-associated cancer. We evaluated the methylation status of BARF1 and BHRF1 promoters in 43 EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) tissues and EBV-positive cell lines. Their expressions were evaluated by realtime quantitative PCR. We found that the promoters of BARF1 and BHRF1 were methylated by varying degrees in different EBV-positive cell lines and were almost hypermethylated in all EBVaGC tissues. The methylation status of BARF1 and BHRF1 promoters were significantly reduced by 5-Aza-CdR along with the increasing gene expressions. Hypermethylation of Ap and Hp mediates the frequent silencing of BARF1 and BHRF1 in EBV-associated tumors, which could be reactivated by a demethylation agent, suggesting that promoter demethylation and activation is important for BARF1 and BHRF1 transcription and their further action