342 research outputs found
Whither Antitrust Regulation of Loyalty Rebates in China:The Tetra Pak Decision and Lessons from the EU
Theories of harm on abuse of dominance:a Sino-EU comparative analysis of the impact of institutional dynamics on the law enforcement
Minimum Efficient Scale, Competition on the Merits, and The Special Responsibility of a Dominant Undertaking
As a leading model of law on abuse of dominance, Article 102 TFEU hosts two notoriously vague concepts: competition on the merits and the special responsibility of a dominant undertaking. The former could mislead abuse assessments into an illusion of inherent impropriety, while the latter is susceptible to expansive interpretations that undermine the pivotal role of dominance. We propose a test centred on the concept of minimum efficient scale, which has been seriously overlooked or even mischaracterized under Article 102, to complement the as-efficient-competitor rationale. This test clarifies—with respect to exclusionary conduct—competition on the merits in a purely efficiency-based way and gives content to the special responsibility concept. It is compatible with the case law and can be operationalized vis-à -vis digital platform markets to tackle practices such as self-preferencing. It shows potential in enhancing the robustness of ex post antitrust when ex ante regulation has become the more popular recourse
Frequentist Model Averaging for Global Fr\'{e}chet Regression
To consider model uncertainty in global Fr\'{e}chet regression and improve
density response prediction, we propose a frequentist model averaging method.
The weights are chosen by minimizing a cross-validation criterion based on
Wasserstein distance. In the cases where all candidate models are misspecified,
we prove that the corresponding model averaging estimator has asymptotic
optimality, achieving the lowest possible Wasserstein distance. When there are
correctly specified candidate models, we prove that our method asymptotically
assigns all weights to the correctly specified models. Numerical results of
extensive simulations and a real data analysis on intracerebral hemorrhage data
strongly favour our method
Theories of harm on abuse of dominance:a Sino-EU comparative analysis of the impact of institutional dynamics on the law enforcement
A Generalized Fuzzy Linguistic Model for Predicting Component Concentrations in an Optical Gas Sensing System
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