p300/CBP-associated factor selectively regulates the extinction of conditioned fear

It is well established that the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes is crucial for regulating gene expression associated with hippocampal-dependent memories. However, very little is known about how these epigenetic mechanisms influence the formation of cortically dependent memory, particularly when there is competition between opposing memory traces, such as that which occurs during the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear. Here we demonstrate, in C57BL/6mice, that the activityofp300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) within the infralimbic prefrontal cortex is required for long-term potentiation and is necessary for the formation of memory associated with fear extinction, but not for fear acquisition. Further, systemic administration of the PCAF activator SPV106 enhances memory for fear extinction and prevents fear renewal. The selective influence of PCAF on fear extinction is mediated, in part, by a transient recruitment of the repressive transcription factor ATF4tothe promoter of the immediate early genezif268, which competitively inhibits its expression. Thus, within the context of fear extinction, PCAF functions as a transcriptional coactivator, which may facilitate the formation of memory for fear extinction by interfering with reconsolidation of the original memory trace

Capacity and Delay Analysis for Large Social-Aware Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Most mobile ad hoc wireless networks have social features. It is a fundamental problem how to understand the performances of social-aware mobile ad hoc wireless networks. In this paper, we consider a wireless network area, with restricted mobility model and rank-based social model. On this basis, we investigate the upper bound of throughput capacity in such networks using the protocol interference model. By tessellating the network area into cells spatially and dividing time into slots temporally, we propose a multi-hop relay and slots allocation scheduling strategy. Then, we derive the achieved throughput capacity under this strategy. Results show per-node throughput is related to parameter of social model and range of node motion. In addition, we also study the delay varies by queueing theory in such network. Finally, we discuss capacity-delay tradeoffs in such networks. These results are beneficial to the design of network protocols in large social-aware mobile ad hoc wireless networks

Mobility management: principle, technology and applications

This is the first book devoted to mobility management, covering the important principles, technologies and applications of mobility management based on years of academic research and industry experiences. The content is organized according to the reference models proposed by the authors, and emphasizes on technical principles rather than protocol details; a systematic and comprehensive introduction is presented yet without losing focuses; the existing technologies in cellular system, mobile Internet and IMS/SIP are also extensively compared. This book can be an indispensable reference for mobile communication engineers, computer network engineers, researchers and anyone else involved in academic, industrial and standardization activities on mobility management

Modeling and Analysis of Safety Messages Propagation in Platoon-Based Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems

Safety messages propagation is the major task for Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems in order to improve the safety of roads and passengers. However, reducing traffic and car accidents can only be achieved by disseminating safety messages in a timely manner with high reliability. Although mathematical modeling of the delay of safety messages is extremely beneficial, analyzing the safety messages propagation is considerably complex due to the high dynamics of vehicles. Moreover, most previous works assume vehicles drive independently and the interaction between vehicles is not taken into consideration. In this paper, we proposed an analytical model to describe the performance of safety messages propagation in the VCPSs under platoon-based driving pattern. Infrastructure-less and RSU-supported scenarios are evaluated independently. The analytical model also takes into account different transmission situations and various system parameters, such as communication range, traffic flow, and platoon size. The effectiveness of the analytical model is verified through simulation and the impacts of different parameters on the expected transmission delay are investigated. The results will help determine the system design parameters to satisfy the delay requirement for safety applications in VCPSs

Catalyst deactivation and regeneration during CO2 reforming of bio-oil

Catalyst deactivation and regeneration during CO2 reforming of bio-oil were researched in this paper. The results of XRD, TG and SEM analyses showed that the catalyst deactivation was a combination of carbon deposition and sintering. There were amorphous carbon and filamentous carbon on the catalyst surface, but amorphous carbon was the main carbon product, which was the main reason for the catalyst deactivation. The activity and stability of steam regeneration catalyst is superior to that of CO2 and air regeneration catalyst, but steam regeneration process will consume much quantity of steam, which can be increased production cost. Air regeneration method is easy to sinter the center of catalyst. CO2 regeneration process not only produces useful gases (C + CO2 = 2CO), but also makes good use of greenhouse gases, which has an industrial application prospect. However, with the cycle of catalyst increasing, the activity and stability catalyst will decrease gradually during the CO2 reforming process. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Auditory tones and foot-shock recapitulate spontaneous sub-threshold activity in basolateral amygdala principal neurons and interneurons

In quiescent states such as anesthesia and slow wave sleep, cortical networks show slow rhythmic synchronized activity. In sensory cortices this rhythmic activity shows a stereotypical pattern that is recapitulated by stimulation of the appropriate sensory modality. The amygdala receives sensory input from a variety of sources, and in anesthetized animals, neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) show slow rhythmic synchronized activity. Extracellular field potential recordings show that these oscillations are synchronized with sensory cortex and the thalamus, with both the thalamus and cortex leading the BLA. Using whole-cell recording in vivo we show that the membrane potential of principal neurons spontaneously oscillates between up- and down-states. Footshock and auditory stimulation delivered during down-states evokes an up-state that fully recapitulates those occurring spontaneously. These results suggest that neurons in the BLA receive convergent input from networks of cortical neurons with slow oscillatory activity and that somatosensory and auditory stimulation can trigger activity in these same networks

Single-cell transcriptome atlas in C57BL/6 mice encodes morphological phenotypes in the aging kidneys

Abstract C57BL/6 mice are frequently utilized as murine models with the desired genetic background for altertion in multiple research contexts. So far, there is still a lack of comprehensive kidney morphology and single-cell transcriptome atlas at all stages of growth of C57BL/6 mice. To provide an interactive set of reference standards for the scientific community, we performed the current study to investigate the kidney’s development throughout the capillary-loop stage until senescence. Eight groups, with five to six mice each, represented embryonic stage (embryos 18.5 days), suckling period (1 day after birth), juvenile stage (1 month old), adulthood (containing 3 months old, 6 months old and 10 months old), reproductive senescence stage (20 months old), and post-senescence stage (30 months old), respectively. With age, the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was increased. Notably, GBM knobs appeared at three months and became frequent with age. Using single-cell transcriptome data, we evaluated how various biological process appear in particular cell types and investigated the potential mechanism of formation of GBM konbs. In conclusion, having access to detailed kidney morphology and single-cell transcriptome maps from C57BL/6 mice at various developmental stages of C57BL/6 mice would be a novel and major resource for biological research and testing of prospective therapeutic approaches