Impact of Lattice Strangeness Asymmetry Data in the CTEQ-TEA Global Analysis

We study the impact of lattice data on the determination of the strangeness asymmetry distribution $s_-(x) \equiv s(x) - {\bar s}(x)$ in the general CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. Firstly, we find that allowing a nonvanishing $s_-(x)$, at the initial $Q_0=1.3$~GeV scale, in a global PDF analysis leads to a CT18As fit with similar quality to CT18A. Secondly, including the lattice data in the CT18As\_Lat fit greatly reduces the $s_-$-PDF error band size in the large-$x$ region. To further reduce its error would require more precise lattice data, extended to smaller $x$ values. We take ATLAS 7 TeV $W$ and $Z$ production data, SIDIS di-muon production data, $F_3$ structure function data, E866 NuSea data, and E906 SeaQuest data as examples to illustrate the implication of CT18As and CT18As\_Lat fits. The parametrization dependence for PDF ratio $(s+\bar{s})/(\bar{u}+\bar{d})(x)$ is analyzed with CT18As2 and CT18As2\_Lat fits as results.Comment: 37 pages, 19 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2204.0794

Factors Related to Significant Improvement of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Telbivudine Therapy

Background and Aim. The improvement of estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving telbivudine therapy is well known. The aim of this study was to clarify the kinetics of eGFRs and to identify the significant factors related to the improvement of eGFRs in telbivudine-treated CHB patients in a real-world setting. Methods. Serial eGFRs were calculated every 3 months using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. The patients were classified as CKD-1, -2, or -3 according to a baseline eGFR of ≥90, 60–89, or <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. A significant improvement of eGFR was defined as a more than 10% increase from the baseline. Results. A total of 129 patients were enrolled, of whom 36% had significantly improved eGFRs. According to a multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.028) and CKD-3 (p=0.043) were both significantly related to such improvement. The rates of significant improvement of eGFR were about 73% and 77% in patients with DM and CKD-3, respectively. Conclusions. Telbivudine is an alternative drug of choice for the treatment of hepatitis B patients for whom renal safety is a concern, especially patients with DM and CKD-3

A Neural Network Approach to Identify the Peritumoral Invasive Areas in Glioblastoma Patients by Using MR Radiomics

The challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma is the failure to identify the cancer invasive area outside the contrast-enhancing tumour which leads to the high local progression rate. Our study aims to identify its progression from the preoperative MR radiomics. 57 newly diagnosed cerebral glioblastoma patients were included. All patients received 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence guidance surgery and postoperative temozolomide concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Preoperative 3 T MRI data including structure MR, perfusion MR, and DTI were obtained. Voxel-based radiomics features extracted from 37 patients were used in the convolutional neural network to train and as internal validation. Another 20 patients of the cohort were tested blindly as external validation. Our results showed that the peritumoural progression areas had higher signal intensity in FLAIR (p = 0.02), rCBV (p = 0.038), and T1C (p = 0.0004), and lower intensity in ADC (p = 0.029) and DTI-p (p = 0.001) compared to non-progression area. The identification of the peritumoural progression area was done by using a supervised convolutional neural network. There was an overall accuracy of 92.6% in the training set and 78.5% in the validation set. Multimodal MR radiomics can demonstrate distinct characteristics in areas of potential progression on preoperative MRI.</p

A Neural Network Approach to Identify the Peritumoral Invasive Areas in Glioblastoma Patients by Using MR Radiomics.

The challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma is the failure to identify the cancer invasive area outside the contrast-enhancing tumour which leads to the high local progression rate. Our study aims to identify its progression from the preoperative MR radiomics. 57 newly diagnosed cerebral glioblastoma patients were included. All patients received 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence guidance surgery and postoperative temozolomide concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Preoperative 3 T MRI data including structure MR, perfusion MR, and DTI were obtained. Voxel-based radiomics features extracted from 37 patients were used in the convolutional neural network to train and as internal validation. Another 20 patients of the cohort were tested blindly as external validation. Our results showed that the peritumoural progression areas had higher signal intensity in FLAIR (p = 0.02), rCBV (p = 0.038), and T1C (p = 0.0004), and lower intensity in ADC (p = 0.029) and DTI-p (p = 0.001) compared to non-progression area. The identification of the peritumoural progression area was done by using a supervised convolutional neural network. There was an overall accuracy of 92.6% in the training set and 78.5% in the validation set. Multimodal MR radiomics can demonstrate distinct characteristics in areas of potential progression on preoperative MRI

Extent of resection of peritumoral diffusion tensor imaging-detected abnormality as a predictor of survival in adult glioblastoma patients

OBJECTIVE Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been shown to detect tumor invasion in glioblastoma patients and has been applied in surgical planning. However, the clinical value of the extent of resection based on DTI is unclear. Therefore, the correlation between the extent of resection of DTI abnormalities and patients' outcome was retrospectively reviewed.METHODS A review was conducted of 31 patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma who underwent standard 5-aminolevulinic-acid aided surgery with the aim of maximal resection of the enhancing tumor component. All patients underwent presurgical MRI, including volumetric postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, DTI, and FLAIR. Postsurgical anatomical MR images were obtained within 72 hours of resection. The diffusion tensor was split into an isotropic (p) and anisotropic (q) component. The extent of resection was measured for the abnormal area on the p, q, FLAIR, and postcontrast T1-weighted images. Data were analyzed in relation to patients' outcome using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models controlling for possible confounding factors including age, O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase methylation status, and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutation.RESULTS Complete resection of the enhanced tumor shown on the postcontrast II-weighted images was achieved in 24 of 31 patients (77%). The mean extent of resection of the abnormal p, q, and FLAIR areas was 57%, 83%, and 59%, respectively. Increased resection of the abnormal p and q areas correlated positively with progression-free survival (p = 0.009 and p = 0.006, respectively). Additionally, a larger, residual, abnormal q volume predicted significantly shorter time to progression (p = 0.008). More extensive resection of the abnormal q and contrast-enhanced area improved overall survival (p = 0.041 and 0.050, respectively).CONCLUSIONS Longer progression-free survival and overall survival were seen in glioblastoma patients in whom more DTI-documented abnormality was resected, which was previously shown to represent infiltrative tumor. This highlights the potential usefulness and the importance of an extended resection based on DTI-derived maps.</p

Posttreatment periresectional ADC in GBM

BACKGROUND: Although targeted by radiotherapy, recurrence in glioblastoma occurs mainly periresectionally owing to tumor infiltration. An increase in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) has been shown in the large high-T2 area on magnetic resonance imaging posttreatment; however, until now ADC has not been investigated directly in the more relevant periresectional area. METHODS: Histogram analysis was used to assess periresectional ADC values in patients with glioblastoma postradiotherapy versus preradiotherapy. Periresectional ADC values starting at 0-5 mm in 5-mm increments up to 20-25 mm were extracted and compared using 2-way repeated-measurements analysis of variance. RESULTS: Mean ADC values directly adjacent to the resection area (0-5 mm) were significantly higher postradiotherapy compared with preradiotherapy (P = .017). ADC values in the 0- to 5-mm region were also higher than those in 5- to 10-, 10- to 15-, and 15- to 20-mm regions (P < .05). Regional standard deviations in ADC values were higher postradiotherapy compared with preradiotherapy for the 0- to 5-mm region up to the 15- to 20-mm region, inclusive (P < .05); however, Cox regression analysis showed no survival benefits from the increased ADC in the 0- to 5-mm region postradiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Increased ADC values, representing a decrease in infiltrative tumor load, were demonstrated in a limited direct periresectional area. This finding adds to previous studies evaluating ADC response in the larger high-T2 area in relation to survival.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.12

A Versatile Approach for Siteâ Specific Lysine Acylation in Proteins

Using amber suppression in coordination with a mutant pyrrolysylâ tRNA synthetaseâ tRNAPyl pair, azidonorleucine is genetically encoded in E. coli. Its genetic incorporation followed by traceless Staudinger ligation with a phosphinothioester allows the convenient synthesis of a protein with a siteâ specifically installed lysine acylation. By simply changing the phosphinothioester identity, any lysine acylation type could be introduced. Using this approach, we demonstrated that both lysine acetylation and lysine succinylation can be installed selectively in ubiquitin and synthesized histone H3 with succinylation at its K4 position (H3K4su). Using an H3K4suâ H4 tetramer as a substrate, we further confirmed that Sirt5 is an active histone desuccinylase. Lysine succinylation is a recently identified postâ translational modification. The reported technique makes it possible to explicate regulatory functions of this modification in proteins.Azidonorleucine, an azideâ containing amino acid, is genetically encoded and incorporated into model proteins. This incorporation followed by traceless Staudinger ligation potentiates the synthesis of proteins with a myriad of siteâ specific lysine acylations.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137311/1/anie201611415-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137311/2/anie201611415_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137311/3/anie201611415.pd

Long-term follow-up of patients with surgical intractable acromegaly after linear accelerator radiosurgery

Background/PurposeRadiotherapy is a crucial treatment for acromegalic patients with growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors. However, its effect takes time. We retrospectively reviewed the long-term outcome of linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery (LINAC SRS) for patients with acromegaly from the perspective of biochemical remission and associated factors.MethodsTwenty-two patients presenting with residual or recurrent (GH)-secreting functional pituitary tumor between 1994 and 2004 who received LINAC SRS were enrolled and followed up for at least 3 years. Residual or recurrent tumor was defined as persistent elevated GH or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level and image-confirmed tumor after previous surgical treatment. Biochemical remission was defined as fasting GH less than 2.5 ng/mL with normal sex-and-age adjusted IGF-1.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 94.7 months (range 36–161 months). Overall mean biochemical remission time was 53 months (median 30 months). Biochemical control was achieved in 15 patients (68.2%) over the follow up period. One patient experienced recurrence after SRS and underwent another operation. Initial GH at diagnosis and pre-SRS GH correlated with biochemical control (p = 0.005 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Further evaluation demonstrated that biochemical control stabilized after 7.5 years. Overall post-SRS hormone deficit persisted in five patients (22.7%).ConclusionIn comparison to other radiosurgery modalities, LINAC radiosurgery also provides a satisfactory outcome. SRS has maximum effect over the first 2 years and stabilizes after 7.5 years. Moreover, SRS elicits long-term biochemical effects and requires longer follow-up for better biochemical remission