1 research outputs found
Association between Long-Term Changes in Dietary Percentage of Energy from Fat and Obesity: Evidence from over 20 Years of Longitudinal Data
Objectives: This study assessed the associations between long-term trajectories of percentage of energy from fat (PEF) and obesity among Chinese adults.
Methods: Longitudinal data collected by the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2015 were analyzed. A body mass index â„28.0 was defined as general obesity. Participantsâ baseline PEF levels were categorized as lower than the recommendation of the Chinese Dietary Guideline (20%), meeting the recommendation (20â30%), and higher than the recommendation (>30%). Patterns of PEF trajectories were identified by latent class trajectory analysis for overall participants and participants in different baseline PEF groups, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models with shared frailty were used to estimate associations between PEF and obesity.
Results: Data on 13,025 participants with 72,191 visits were analyzed. Four patterns of PEF trajectory were identified for overall participants and participants in three different baseline PEF groups, respectively. Among overall participants, compared with âBaseline Low then Increase Patternâ (from 12% to 20%), participants with âBaseline Normal-Low then Increase-to-High Patternâ (from 20% to 32%) had a higher hazard of obesity (hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confident interval (CI) at 1.18 (1.01â1.37)). Compared with the âStable Patternâ group (stable at around 18% and 22%, respectively), participants with âSudden-Increase Patternâ (from 18% to 30%) in the baseline group whose PEF levels were lower than the recommendation and those with âSudden-Increase then Decrease Patternâ (rapidly increased from 25% to 40%, and then decreased) in the baseline group who met the recommendation had higher hazards of obesity (HRs and 95% CIs being 1.65 (1.13â2.41) and 1.59 (1.03â2.46), respectively).
Conclusions: Adults with a trajectory that involved a sudden increase to a high-level PEF had a higher risk of general obesity. People should avoid increasing PEF suddenly