Study of uranium solubility in gallium-indium eutectic alloy by emf method

Activity, activity coefficients and solubility of uranium in Ga-In eutectic alloy as well as activity of uranium in U-Ga and U-In alloys were determined between 573 and 1073 K using electromotive force (emf) method. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Thermodynamics of reaction of praseodymium with gallium-indium eutectic alloy

Thermodynamic properties of Ga-In eutectic alloys saturated with praseodymium were determined for the first time employing the electromotive force method. The equilibrium potentials of the Pr-In alloys saturated with praseodymium (8.7-12.1 mol.% Pr) and Pr-Ga-In alloys (containing 0.0012-6.71 mol.% Pr) were measured between 573-1073 K. Pr-In alloy containing solid PrIn3 with known thermodynamic properties was used as the reference electrode when measuring the potentials of ternary Pr-In-Ga alloys. Activity, partial and excessive thermodynamic functions of praseodymium in alloys with indium and Ga-In eutectic were calculated. Activity (a), activity coefficients (γ) and solubility (X) of praseodymium in the studied temperature range can be expressed by the following equations: lgaα-Pr(In) = 4.425 - 11965/T ± 0.026. lgα-Pr(Ga-In) = 5.866 - 14766/T ± 0.190. lgγα-Pr(Ga-In) = 2.351 - 9996/T ± 0.39. lgPr(Ga-In) = 3.515 - 4770/T ± 0.20. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Preparation and analysis of Pr-Ga-Al alloys

Pr-Ga-Al alloys were prepared from individual metals Pr, Ga, Al purified from oxide films in an inert atmosphere of the glove box. The metals were mixed in a certain proportion in crucibles and annealed at 832.4±1.7 °C and 366.2±6.3 °C for 19 hours and 53 hours re-spectively. Three ingots were obtained with different praseodymium content. X-ray phase analysis showed that the dominant phase of these alloys is PrGa6. A formation of Pr(GaAl)2 solid solution was also detected

Course of seasonal influenza A/Brisbane/59/07 H1N1 infection in the ferret

Every year, influenza viruses infect approximately 5-20% of the population in the United States leading to over 200,000 hospitalizations and 36,000 deaths from flu-related complications. In this study, we characterized the immune and pathological progression of a seasonal strain of H1N1 influenza virus, A/Brisbane/59/2007 in a ferret model. The immune response of the animals showed a dose-dependent increase with increased virus challenge, as indicated by the presence of virus specific IgG, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies. Animals infected with higher doses of virus also experienced increasing severity of clinical symptoms and fever at 2 days post-infection (DPI). Interestingly, weight loss was more pronounced in animals infected with lower doses of virus compared to those infected with a higher dose; these results were consistent with viral titers of swabs collected from the nares, but not the throat. Analyzed specimens included nasal and throat swabs from 1, 3, 5, and 7 DPI as well as tissue samples from caudal lung and nasal turbinates. Viral titers of the swab samples in all groups were higher on 1 and 3 DPI and returned to baseline levels by 7 DPI. Analysis of nasal turbinates indicated presence of virus at 3 DPI in all infected groups, whereas virus was only detected in the lungs of animals in the two highest dose groups. Histological analysis of the lungs showed a range of pathology, such as chronic inflammation and bronchial epithelial hypertrophy. The results provided here offer important endpoints for preclinical testing of the efficacy of new antiviral compounds and experimental vaccines

Thermodynamic properties of uranium in Ga-In based alloys

Activity of uranium was determined in gallium, indium and gallium-indium eutectic (21.8 wt.% In) based alloys between 573 and 1073 K employing the electromotive force method. In two-phase U-Ga-In alloys, uranium forms the intermetallic compound UGa3. Activity coefficients and solubility of uranium in Ga-In eutectic were also determined in the same temperature range. Partial thermodynamic functions of γ-U in saturated alloys with gallium, indium and Ga-In eutectic were calculated. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Excessive thermodynamic properties of praseodymium in a gallium-indium alloy

The equilibrium potentials of praseodymium-diluted homogeneous Pr-Ga-In alloys in a (Li-K-Cs)Cleut-based salt electrolyte were measured between 573-1073 K by the emf method. These potentials are used to calculate the activity coefficients of α-praseodymium in liquid Ga-In eutectic alloys. PrIn3 alloy with well-known thermodynamic characteristics and without phase transitions in the temperature range 428-1483 K was employed as the reference electrode. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Thermodynamic properties of lanthanum in gallium-indium eutectic based alloys

Activity and activity coefficients of lanthanum were determined for the first time in gallium-indium eutectic based alloys in a wide temperature range employing electromotive force method. Activity of β-La and super cooled liquid lanthanum in Ga-In eutectic based alloys between 573 and 1073 K linearly depends on the reciprocal temperature: lgaβ-La(Ga-In)=5.660-15, 352T±0.093 lgaLa(Ga-In)=6.074-15,839T±0.093 Activity coefficients of β-La and super cooled liquid lanthanum in this system at 617-1073 K are described by the following equations: lgγβ-La (Ga-In)=3.786-12,216T±0.171 lgγLa(Ga-In)=4. 199-12,703T±0.171 In addition activity of lanthanum in alloys with In was also determined in the same temperature range. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Reduction of Tantalum Pentoxide with Aluminium and Calcium: Thermodynamic Modelling and Scale Skilled Tests

High reactivity of powdered aluminium together with its relatively low price are the main reasons for the application of this metal as a reducing agent for the reduction of oxides and fluorides of rare and rare earth metals by the aluminothermal method. This technology is widely used in the production of master alloys for ferrous metallurgy. The "out-of-furnace" process (i.e. without external heat access) is the prevailing technology for metallic niobium production worldwide. However, aluminothermal reduction for industrial production of metallic tantalum has been limited because of the high required temperature, over 2800 °C. In this paper the results of simultaneous reduction of tantalum(V) and iron(III) oxides by calcium-aluminothermal "out-of-furnace" process are presented. Powdered aluminium and metallic calcium were used as reductants. The pickup of tantalum at smeltings with the mass of raw materials over 1 kg reached 94%. The metal was obtained in the form of compact ingot; separation of metallic and slag phases was excellent. Crushed melt underwent refining remelting in an electron beam furnace. For thermodynamic studies and optimization of the aluminothermal reduction processes of Ta2O5 and Fe2O3 in the temperature range of 1000-3000°C a licensed computer simulation program "HSC Chemistry 6.1, 2007", elaborated by the company Outotec Oy, was applied

Preparation and analysis of Pr-Ga-Al alloys

Pr-Ga-Al alloys were prepared from individual praseodymium, gallium and aluminum purified from oxide films in an inert atmosphere of the glove box. The Ga-Al phase diagram was used to choose the eutectic composition (2.1 mol. % Al). The metals were mixed in a certain proportion in crucibles (BeO) and annealed at 832.4±1.7 °C and 366.2±6.3 °C for 19 hours and 53 hours, respectively. Three ingots were obtained with different praseodymium content. The alloys were investigated by X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction technique. A general chemical analysis was also performed. Depending on praseodymium content the alloys consisted of PrGa6 intermetallic compound phase; a mixture of PrGa6 and ϵ-PrGa2 IMCs; and ϵ-PrGa2 phase. Ternary intermetallic compounds of praseodymium were not detected. A small addition of aluminum does not affect the phase characteristics of intermetallic compounds of praseodymium in alloys. © 2019 Author(s)