Measurements of CO2 in air and sea over the Western Pacific-MR98-04 Cruise-

It is well known that the ocean plays a very important role in the overall geochemical cycle of CO2. Over the ocean surface, CO2 is equilibrated between partial pressure of CO2 in the seawater (pCO2) and that in the atmosphere(PCO2). The objectives of the present observation are to evaluate the following : (1) Horizontal distribution of pCO2 and PCO2, (2) Sea surface CO2 flux and (3) Vertical distribution of pCO2

On representation matrices of boundary conditions in SU(n)SU(n) gauge theories compactified on two-dimensional orbifolds

We study the existence of diagonal representatives in each equivalence class of representation matrices of boundary conditions in $SU(n)$ gauge theories compactified on the orbifolds $T^2/{\mathbb Z}_N$ ($N = 2, 3, 4, 6$). Using constraints, unitary transformations and gauge transformations, we examine whether the representation matrices can simultaneously become diagonal or not. We show that at least one diagonal representative necessarily exists in each equivalence class on $T^2/{\mathbb Z}_2$ and $T^2/{\mathbb Z}_3$, but the representation matrices on $T^2/{\mathbb Z}_4$ and $T^2/{\mathbb Z}_6$ can contain not only diagonal matrices but also non-diagonal $2 \times 2$ ones and non-diagonal $3 \times 3$ and $2 \times 2$ ones, respectively, as a member of block-diagonal submatrices. These non-diagonal matrices have discrete parameters, which means that the rank-reducing symmetry breaking can be caused by the discrete Wilson line phases.Comment: 44 page

ジグソー法を応用した学習者相互で高めあう授業形態の提案 : 高等学校における探究活動をとりいれた授業の一考察 <第2部 教科研究>

授業の一部は，第44回広島大学附属福山中・高等学校教育研究会の公開授業で行ったもので，本稿は当日配布した資料の一部に加筆・修正したものを含むものである

Studies on the red tide dinoflagellates-I. : On Entomosigma sp. appeared in coastal area of Fukuyama

　1966年，福山市田尻附近に赤潮として出現したEntomosigma sp. をミクロピペット法で分離して無菌培養を行ない，その生理，生態について観察実験を行なうとともに栄養要求に関する二，三の実験を行ない，その発生要因について検討した. 1)この生物の至適塩分濃度は海水より僅かに低いS28.9‰ (Cl16.0‰)附近である. 2)海水lこ微量金属類および弱キレート剤(NTA) が添加されると，それぞれ50%，80 %程度増殖が促進される. 3)至適pHは7.5 で海水より低く， pH=7.5 からのずれとともに増殖は減少する. 4) 一般に海水lこ窒素，燐を添加するだけでEntomosigma sp. の増殖は促進されるが， その割合は海水の穏類によって異なる. 5) ビタミンB12 はこの生物の増殖に不可欠の重要素である. B12 類似物のうち，ベンジミダゾールを持つコパテミンはB12 と同じように作用し，B12 の代用ができる.この生物のB12 要求特性はOchromonas型といえる. 　以上の結果から，この赤潮の発生は降雨による降水の大量流入が主な原因と考えることができそうである.The red tide that appeared in the coastal area of Fukuyama, June 1966, was caused by the microscopic dinoflagellate Entomosigma sp. Since this red tide came after rainfall, it was implied that the organism might prefer low salinities and perhaps nutrients washed into the sea from the land. From this hypothesis, laboratory culture was started. Entomosigma sp. was obtained in axenic culture by micropipette washings. The organism prefers slightly low salinity (Cl 16.0‰), yet, tolerates a wide range of salinities. The growth is accelerated by the trace metals and/or the weak chelator, nitrilotriacetic acid, to sea water. Supplement of nitrogen and phosphorus sources to sea water favors growth. Entomosigma sp. needs vitamin B12 for growth. The pattern of specificity is similar to that of Ochromonas malhamensis. All the analogues containing benzimidazole can replace B12 • These results seem to substantiate the above hypothesis.本研究の一部は昭和41 ，42年度農林水産特別試験研究費補助金でなされたことを附記し，あわせて感謝の意を表する

Development of an energy and environmental education program dealing with social issues

In the 3rd grader of junior high school, we propose a new subject "resources and energy" dealing with social issues. Through this subject, we aim to foster the ability to think from a multifaceted and integrated viewpoint. We conducted a questionnaire survey whether students understand about scientific or social terms related to energy in the next year. The degree of understanding of the students who learned the program was high. And there were many students who thought that social issues could be solved by science and technology in future in comparison with groups that did not study this program

Noninvasive and safe cell viability assay for Euglena gracilis using natural food pigment

Noninvasive and safe cell viability assay is required in many fields such as regenerative medicine, genetic engineering, single-cell analysis, and microbial food culture. In this case, a safe and inexpensive method which is a small load on cells and the environment is preferable without requiring expensive and space-consuming equipment and a technician to operate. We examined eight typical natural food pigments to find Monascus pigment (MP) or anthocyanin pigment (AP) works as a good viability indicator of dye exclusion test (DET) for Euglena gracilis which is an edible photosynthetic green microalga. This is the first report using natural food pigments as cell viability assay. Euglena gracilis stained by MP or AP can be visually judged with a bright field microscope. This was spectrally confirmed by scan-free, non-invasive absorbance spectral imaging A(x, y, λ) microscopy of single live cells and principal component analysis (PCA). To confirm the ability of staining dead cells and examine the load on the cells, these two natural pigments were compared with trypan blue (TB) and methylene blue (MP), which are synthetic dyes conventionally used for DET. As a result, MP and AP had as good ability of staining dead cells treated with microwave as TB and MB and showed faster and more uniform staining for dead cells in benzalkonium chloride than them. The growth curve and the ratio of dead cells in the culture showed that the synthetic dyes inhibit the growth of E. gracilis, but the natural pigments do not. As the cell density increased, however, AP increased the ratio of stained cells, which was prevented by the addition of glucose. MP can stain dead cells in a shorter time than AP, while AP is more stable in color against long-term irradiation of intense light than MP. Due to the low toxicity of these pigments, viability of cells in culture can be monitored with them over a long period

Short-Term Impact of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery on Lung Function, Physical Function, and Quality of Life

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been increasingly used as an approach for lung lobectomy. However, the recovery of respiratory and physical function may be insufficient at discharge because the average length of hospital stay is decreasing after surgery. In this study, we investigated the changes in physical function, lung function, and quality of life (QOL) of lung cancer patients after VATS, and factors for QOL were also evaluated. Methods: The subjects of this study were 41 consecutive patients who underwent video-assisted lung lobectomy for lung cancer. Rehabilitation was performed both before and after surgery. Lung function testing, physical function testing (timed up and go test (TUG) and the 30-s chair-stand test (CS-30)), and QOL (EORTC QLQ-C30) were measured before and 1 week after surgery. Results: Postoperative VC recovered to 76.3% +/- 15.6% 1 week after surgery. TUG, CS-30, and QOL were significantly worse after surgery (p < 0.05). Lung function and physical function were found to affect QOL. Postoperative complications included pneumonia in 1 patient. There were no patients who discontinued rehabilitation. Conclusion: Our rehabilitation program was safe and useful for patients after VATS