Effects of glucosamine on tooth pulpal nociceptive responses in the rat

AbstractBackground/purposed-Glucosamine hydrochloride (DGL) has a variety of biological activities and is noted as a nutritional supplement that is effective for improvement and care of various disorders, such as osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis. Although, it has been reported that DGL has a significant pain relief effect in treating osteoarthritis, little is known about its effect on dental pain. The applicability of DGL as a medicament to control pain in pulpalgia has not been reported. In this study, using an in vitro rat mandible-inferior alveolar nerve preparation (jaw-nerve preparation), the effect of DGL on nociceptive responses in the tooth pulpal nerve was examined.Materials and methodsThe effect of DGL on nociceptive responses for 20 male Wistar albino rats was evaluated using an in vitro jaw-nerve preparation. Bradykinin (BK), used as a chemical nociceptive stimulant, was applied near the exposed tooth pulp. Sixty seconds after BK application, the surface of the exposed pulp was treated with DGL solution or physiological saline (control).ResultsThe nerve firing rate was 2.06±0.21Hz (n=10) after 5 minutes of saline application, and 0.76±0.16Hz (n=10) after 5 minutes of DGL application. The DGL group showed significantly lower nerve firing rate than the control group.ConclusionBK-induced nociceptive responses were significantly suppressed by direct application of DGL. Our results suggest that DGL might have a pain relief effect in dental pain

Phase Diagram of FeSe Deposited by Electrochemical Technique with Different Temperature and Voltage

High-quality crystalline FeSe is successfully synthesized in 5 minutes by an electrochemical deposition technique via increasing the solution temperature. The synthesis of FeSe have been controlled by the applied voltage, synthesis time and pH value. The obtained samples were summarized as a phase diagram at each temperature and applied voltage. The best synthesis temperature to produce high-quality crystalline samples was found to be 70{\deg}C.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

Expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors in human oral tissue

The distribution of cells expressing SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in human oral tissues were tested. The investigation was conducted with normal flesh tissue and paraffin‐embedded specimens. The ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression was detected with all subjects in the normal mucosa of the keratinized stratified squamous epithelia of the tongue and non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelia of the lip and cheek. It was found that ACE2 is expressed in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane mainly in the stratum granulosum of the epithelia while the TMPRSS2 is strongly expressed on the cell membrane mainly in the stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum, but not in the stratum basale. Antibodies’ reactions for ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were not observed in the nuclei or keratin layer. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the oral epithelia appears to be general, and the expression was also observed in the mucous and serous acini of the labial glands. The SARS‐CoV‐2 may transiently attach to the oral mucosa and the minor salivary glands which are present under all of the oral mucosa. The oral cavity can be considered an important organ for SARS‐CoV‐2 attachment and may provide a preventive medical avenue to guard against COVID‐19 by preventing saliva from scattering

Suppressive Effects of D-Glucosamine on the 5-HT Sensitive Nociceptive Units in the Rat Tooth Pulpal Nerve

It is well known that D-glucosamine hydrochloride (DGL) has a variety of biological activities and is regarded as a nutritional supplement effective in improving various disorders, including osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis. Although it has been reported that DGL has a significant pain relief effect in treating osteoarthritis, little is known about the characteristics of the effects of this compound on dental pain. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of DGL as a medicament to control pulpalgia. Using an in vitro rat mandible-inferior alveolar nerve preparation (jaw-nerve preparation), we evaluated the effects of DGL on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) sensitive nociceptive responses in the tooth pulpal nerve. 5-HT-induced nociceptive responses were fairly suppressed by direct application of DGL, suggesting that DGL have a pain relief effect on patients with dental pain

Suppressive Effects of D-Glucosamine on the 5-HT Sensitive Nociceptive Units in the Rat Tooth Pulpal Nerve

It is well known that D-glucosamine hydrochloride (DGL) has a variety of biological activities and is regarded as a nutritional supplement effective in improving various disorders, including osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis. Although it has been reported that DGL has a significant pain relief effect in treating osteoarthritis, little is known about the characteristics of the effects of this compound on dental pain. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of DGL as a medicament to control pulpalgia. Using an in vitro rat mandible-inferior alveolar nerve preparation (jaw-nerve preparation), we evaluated the effects of DGL on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) sensitive nociceptive responses in the tooth pulpal nerve. 5-HT-induced nociceptive responses were fairly suppressed by direct application of DGL, suggesting that DGL have a pain relief effect on patients with dental pain

Deep Neural Networks for Dental Implant System Classification

In this study, we used panoramic X-ray images to classify and clarify the accuracy of different dental implant brands via deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with transfer-learning strategies. For objective labeling, 8859 implant images of 11 implant systems were used from digital panoramic radiographs obtained from patients who underwent dental implant treatment at Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Japan, between 2005 and 2019. Five deep CNN models (specifically, a basic CNN with three convolutional layers, VGG16 and VGG19 transfer-learning models, and finely tuned VGG16 and VGG19) were evaluated for implant classification. Among the five models, the finely tuned VGG16 model exhibited the highest implant classification performance. The finely tuned VGG19 was second best, followed by the normal transfer-learning VGG16. We confirmed that the finely tuned VGG16 and VGG19 CNNs could accurately classify dental implant systems from 11 types of panoramic X-ray images