765 research outputs found
Recent Dispersion Technology Using Liquid Crystal
Lyotropic liquid crystals have prospective potentials for several industrial applications and also being a key technology in terms of the quality assurance of a product, drug carrier, as well as interpretation of biological phenomena. This chapter will provide the recent topics on several applications of liquid crystals in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields and review how to generate the lyotropic liquid crystals in the amphiphilic material system on the basis of the phase behavior and why the liquid crystal structure can impact the respective application
Stochastic Asymptotic Stabilizers for Deterministic Input-Affine Systems based on Stochastic Control Lyapunov Functions
In this paper, a stochastic asymptotic stabilization method is proposed for
deterministic input-affine control systems, which are randomized by including
Gaussian white noises in control inputs. The sufficient condition is derived
for the diffucion coefficients so that there exist stochastic control Lyapunov
functions for the systems. To illustrate the usefulness of the sufficient
condition, the authors propose the stochastic continuous feedback law, which
makes the origin of the Brockett integrator become globally asymptotically
stable in probability.Comment: A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of
the 48th Annual IEEE Conference on Decision and Control [14
Topological modular forms and the absence of all heterotic global anomalies
We reformulate the question of the absence of global anomalies of heterotic
string theory mathematically in terms of a certain natural transformation
,
from topological modular forms to the Anderson dual of string bordism groups,
using the Segal-Stolz-Teichner conjecture. We will show that this natural
transformation vanishes, implying that heterotic global anomalies are always
absent. The fact that plays an important
role in the process. Along the way, we also discuss how the twists of
can be described under the Segal-Stolz-Teichner conjecture, by
using the result of Freed and Hopkins concerning anomalies of quantum field
theories.
The paper contains separate introductions for mathematicians and for string
theorists, in the hope of making the content more accessible to a larger
audience. The sections are also demarcated cleanly into mathematically rigorous
parts and those which are not.Comment: 36 pages; v2: incorporates many suggestions by a helpful anonymous
refere
Remarks on mod-2 elliptic genus
For physicists: For supersymmetric quantum mechanics, there are cases when a
mod-2 Witten index can be defined, even when a more ordinary
-valued Witten index vanishes. Similarly, for 2d supersymmetric
quantum field theories, there are cases when a mod-2 elliptic genus can be
defined, even when a more ordinary elliptic genus vanishes. We study such mod-2
elliptic genera in the context of supersymmetry, and show
that they are characterized by mod-2 reductions of integral modular forms,
under some assumptions.
For mathematicians: We study the image of the standard homomorphism for or
, by relating them to the mod-2 reductions of integral modular forms.Comment: 31 page
The Aggregation Behavior of Mixture of Alkylmethylaminoxides with Their Protonated Analogues in Aqueous Solution
Successful treatment of congestive heart failure with concomitant administration of tolvaptan to enhance the effects of furosemide
AbstractTolvaptan (TLV), which is an antagonist to the vasopressin V2 receptor, was approved by Japanese authorities for the treatment of “volume overload in heart failure when adequate response is not obtained with other diuretics (e.g. loop diuretics)”. An 82-year-old female Japanese patient was admitted to our hospital due to congestive heart failure (CHF) and exacerbation of type 2 chronic respiratory failure, which improved with ventilator support and treatment with furosemide; however, the CHF worsened again due to anemia and undernutrition. TLV (7.5 mg/day) was given. The free-water clearance value showed the efficacy of TLV; it was −0.04 before and 0.39 six hours after TLV administration. The administration of TLV was continued for five consecutive days, and the fractional excretion of sodium showed the efficacy of furosemide; it was 1.7% before and 5.2% five days after TLV administration. It is known that the long-term usage of loop diuretics causes tolerance because it promotes sodium re-absorption through the proximal renal tubules by activating the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system. A patient with CHF was treated successfully by concomitant administration of TLV with furosemide. TLV worked both directly and indirectly; it promoted free-water filtration as its direct effect and sodium filtration as its indirect effect.<Learning objective: Tolvaptan is a new type drug for heart failure that promotes water diuresis by selectively inhibiting the vasopressin V2 receptors in collecting tubules. Concomitant use of tolvaptan with loop diuretics, such as furosemide, enhances the diuretic action. The mechanism of enhanced diuretic action induced by the concomitant use of tolvaptan with loop diuretics not only promotes water diuresis, known as tolvaptan's primary function, but may also enhance natriuresis induced by loop diuretics.
Chemical Impacts of CO2 Flooding on Well Composite Samples: Experimental Assessment of Well Integrity for CO2 Sequestration
AbstractAn abandoned well, completed without CO2 resistant materials, is thought to be a potential pathway for CO2 leakage to the surface. To examine the chemical impacts of a non-CO2 resistant well, we prepared composite samples consisting of J-55 casing material, Portland cement and sandstone (referred to as “simulated well sample”). Permeability of the simulated well sample decreased during a flow-through experiment using CO2-saturated brine. Precipitation of carbonate was found in both flow-through and batch experiments. The casing material was not degraded by CO2 if bonding between the casing and cement was tight. The sandstone surrounding the cement therefore seemed to act as a buffer medium against CO2 attack
Electrosynthesis of Phosphacycles via Dehydrogenative C–P Bond Formation Using DABCO as a Mediator
The first electrochemical synthesis of diarylphosphole oxides (DPOs) was achieved under mild conditions. The practical protocol employs commercially available and inexpensive DABCO as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mediator, leading to various DPOs in moderate to good yields. This procedure can also be applied to the synthesis of six-membered phosphacycles, such as phenophosphazine derivatives. Mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction proceeds via an electro-generated phosphinyl radical
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