3,764 research outputs found
Dynamical Screening and Superconducting State in Intercalated Layered Metallochloronitrides
An essential property of layered systems is the dynamical nature of the
screened Coulomb interaction. Low energy collective modes appear as a
consequence of the layering and provide for a superconducting-pairing channel
in addition to the electron-phonon induced attractive interaction. We show that
taking into account this feature allows to explain the high critical
temperatures (Tc~26K) observed in recently discovered intercalated
metallochloronitrides. The exchange of acoustic plasmons between carriers leads
to a significant enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature that
is in agreement with the experimental observations
Glasslike vs. crystalline thermal conductivity in carrier-tuned Ba8Ga16X30 clathrates (X = Ge, Sn)
The present controversy over the origin of glasslike thermal conductivity
observed in certain crystalline materials is addressed by studies on
single-crystal x-ray diffraction, thermal conductivity k(T) and specific heat
Cp(T) of carrier-tuned Ba8Ga16X30 (X = Ge, Sn) clathrates. These crystals show
radically different low-temperature k(T) behaviors depending on whether their
charge carriers are electrons or holes, displaying the usual crystalline peak
in the former case and an anomalous glasslike plateau in the latter. In
contrast, Cp(T) above 4 K and the general structural properties are essentially
insensitive to carrier tuning. We analyze these combined results within the
framework of a Tunneling/Resonant/Rayleigh scatterings model, and conclude that
the evolution from crystalline to glasslike k(T) is accompanied by an increase
both in the effective density of tunnelling states and in the resonant
scattering level, while neither one of these contributions can solely account
for the observed changes in the full temperature range. This suggests that the
most relevant factor which determines crystalline or glasslike behavior is the
coupling strength between the guest vibrational modes and the frameworks with
different charge carriers.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev.
A Model of Strongly Correlated Electrons with Condensed Resonating-Valence-Bond Ground States
We propose a new exactly solvable model of strongly correlated electrons. The
model is based on a - model of the CuO plane with infinitely large
repulsive interactions on Cu-sites, and it contains additional
correlated-hopping, pair-hopping and charge-charge interactions of electrons.
For even numbers of electrons less than or equal to 2/3-filling, we construct
the exact ground states of the model, all of which have the same energy and
each of which is the unique ground state for a fixed electron number. It is
shown that these ground states are the resonating-valence-bond states which are
also regarded as condensed states in which all electrons are in a single
two-electron state. We also show that the ground states exhibit off-diagonal
long-range order.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure, v2: minor changes, v3: minor changes and typos
correction
Commensurability, excitation gap and topology in quantum many-particle systems on a periodic lattice
Combined with Laughlin's argument on the quantized Hall conductivity,
Lieb-Schultz-Mattis argument is extended to quantum many-particle systems
(including quantum spin systems) with a conserved particle number, on a
periodic lattice in arbitrary dimensions. Regardless of dimensionality,
interaction strength and particle statistics (bose/fermi), a finite excitation
gap is possible only when the particle number per unit cell of the groundstate
is an integer.Comment: 4 pages in REVTE
Generalization of the Luttinger Theorem for Fermionic Ladder Systems
We apply a generalized version of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem to
fermionic ladder systems to show the existence of a low-lying excited state
(except for some special fillings). This can be regarded as a non-perturbative
proof for the conservation under interaction of the sum of the Fermi wave
vectors of the individual channels, corresponding to a generalized version of
the Luttinger Theorem to fermionic ladder systems. We conclude by noticing that
the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem is not applicable in this form to show the
existence of low-lying excitations in the limit that the number of legs goes to
infinity, e.g. in the limit of a 2D plane.Comment: RevTex, 4 pages with 4 eps figure
Mott Transition in the Two-Dimensional Flux Phase
Effects of the electron-electron interaction in the two-dimensional flux
phase are investigated. We treat the half-filled Hubbard model with a magnetic
flux per plaquette by the quantum Monte Carlo method. When the
interaction is small, an antiferromagnetic long-range does not exist and the
charge fluctuation is different from that of the Mott insulator It suggests
that the Mott transition occurs at finite strength of the interaction in the
flux phase, which is in contrast to the standard Hubbard model.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Magnetization plateaus in spin chains: ``Haldane gap'' for half-integer spins
We discuss zero-temperature quantum spin chains in a uniform magnetic field,
with axial symmetry. For integer or half-integer spin, , the magnetization
curve can have plateaus and we argue that the magnetization per site is
topologically quantized as at the plateaus, where is
the period of the groundstate. We also discuss conditions for the presence of
the plateau at those quantized values. For and , we study
several models and find two distinct types of massive phases at the plateau.
One of them is argued to be a ``Haldane gap phase'' for half-integer .Comment: Revised version, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. (no changes in main
conclusions); 5 pages, REVTEX with 2 figures in ep
Non-perturbative approach to Luttinger's theorem in one dimension
The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem for spin chains is generalized to a wide
range of models of interacting electrons and localized spins in one-dimensional
lattice. The existence of a low-energy state is generally proved except for
special commensurate fillings where a gap may occur. Moreover, the crystal
momentum of the constructed low-energy state is , where is the
Fermi momentum of the non-interacting model, corresponding to Luttinger's
theorem. For the Kondo lattice model, our result implies that must be
calculated by regarding the localized spins as additional electrons.Comment: Note added on the rigorous proof given by H. Tasaki; also added some
references; 5 pages, REVTEX (no figure
Treatment of giant congenital melanocytic nevi with cultured epithelial autografts: Clinical and histopathological analysis
[Introduction] Curettage and dermabrasion are effective in the treatment of giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN); however, local infection and hypertrophic scar formation are major issues. Thus, we applied cultured epithelial autografts (CEA) on skin defects after curettage or abrasion of GCMN and assessed the postoperative outcomes. [Methods] Seven nevi lesions of five patients (aged 3 months to 24 years) were treated with CEA after curettage or abrasion with a dermatome or a surgical bar, respectively. We assessed the postoperative outcomes, including CEA take ratio, erosion and/or ulcer formation in the acute phase, hospitalization days, Vancouver scar scale, and color improvement one year after the operation. In addition, a histological evaluation of a skin biopsy was performed over one year after the operation. [Results] The CEAs took well on the wound, and the wound surface was mostly epithelized by postoperative day 7 in all cases. While hypertrophic scar formation and slight pigmentation were observed in some lesions, the color was improved in all of the treated lesions. Histopathological examination revealed that the regenerated epidermis had stratified keratinocytes with rete ridges, and the dermal layer without nevus cells regenerated above the remaining dermis layer. [Conclusions] In this study, we found that early epithelialization and regeneration of the dermal layer was achieved after the application of CEA, suggesting that CEA could be an effective option after curettage or abrasion of GCMN
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