Functional Factorial K-means Analysis

A new procedure for simultaneously finding the optimal cluster structure of multivariate functional objects and finding the subspace to represent the cluster structure is presented. The method is based on the $k$-means criterion for projected functional objects on a subspace in which a cluster structure exists. An efficient alternating least-squares algorithm is described, and the proposed method is extended to a regularized method for smoothness of weight functions. To deal with the negative effect of the correlation of coefficient matrix of the basis function expansion in the proposed algorithm, a two-step approach to the proposed method is also described. Analyses of artificial and real data demonstrate that the proposed method gives correct and interpretable results compared with existing methods, the functional principal component $k$-means (FPCK) method and tandem clustering approach. It is also shown that the proposed method can be considered complementary to FPCK.Comment: 39 pages, 17 figure

Growth inhibition and morphologic changes of HeLa cells exposed to unsaturated fatty acid fraction from the liver of x-ray irradiated rabbits (OX)

Biological effect of the unsaturated fatty acid fraction from the X-ray irradiated rabbit liver (OX) on HeLa cells has been observed in vitro comparing with the effect displayed on the same strain cells by the unsaturated fatty acid fraction from the non-irradiated rabbits, which is extracted by the same method as in OX, The observations have proven that OX is a powerful cytotoxin in a concentration of 0.05-0.025 per cent and induces a severe cell degeneration and cell death, resulting in a marked arrest in the growth of the cells. The similar effect has been observed by unsaturated fatty acid fraction from the nonirradiated rabbits, but the effect was much less comparing to that of OX. Possible mechanism of the cell damage by OX has been discussed.</p

Studies on ferrous ion-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver mitochondria. I. Effect of inorganic phosphate

Effect of inorganic phosphate on ferrous ion- and ascorbate-induced lipid. peroxidations of isolated rat liver mitochondria was investigated. As a result it has been shown that phosphate accelerates the ferrous ion.induced lipid peroxidation; namely, phos. phate shortens the induction lag period of the lipid peroxidation reaction but the malondialdehyde after onset of its production is yielded at the same rate in various concentrations of phosphate. On the other hand, phosphate inhibits ascorbate.induced lipid peroxidation. There are stoichiometric interactions between the concentration of phos. phate and the induction period. Oxygen uptake by mitochondria was observed in the presence of both ferrous ion and phosphate at initial step of the reaction without being accompanied by malondialdehyde production, and afterwards there occurred malondialdehyde production with rapid rate of the oxygen uptake. Possible mechanisms and interactions among ferrous ion, ascorbate and phosphate were discussed.</p

Chemical analysis and biological activities of fatty acids from the liver of x-ray irradiated rabbit, the antitumor agent so-called OX

Chemical and biological characteristics of the unsaturated fatty acids from the liver of irradiated and non-irradiated animals and some unsaturated fatty acids in sale have been described. The unsaturated fatty acid fractions from the rabbit liver taken after irradiating animal with x-ray show hardly any difference from those of non-irradiated animal in each component. But the former were distinguished from the latter in the increased rate of velocity of autoxidation. Similar characteristics were observed on the unsaturated fatty acids irradiated in vitro. They developed less labile free radicals with the shift of the double bonds to the carboxylic group and the conjugated double bonds, dienoic and trienoic acids. Biologically, the fatty acids from the irradiated animal suppressed the growth of bacteria requiring unsatturated fatty acid. And they are slightly stronger in the activity of uncoupling effect for the oxidative phosphorylation and the swelling of mitochondria comparing to those of general fatty acids, oleic and linoleic acids. They showed a strong lytic activity on the cell membrane as in the case of general fatty acids, linoleic, oleic, and some long chain unsaturated fatty acids. Tumor cells surviving through the treatment with unsaturated fatty acids changed the cell characteristics temporarily, with a slow-down of the ascites development and the cell growth.</p

Histologic observation on the tumor tissue affected by Fatty acids from the liver of X-ray irradiated rabbits (OX)

The growth inhibitory effect of the fatty acids (OX) from the liver of X-irradiated rabbits on the solid type of Ehrlich ascites tumors has been observed both in gross and histologic observations. OX substance, a fraction of fatty acids extracted from the liver of X-irradiated rabbits has actually been found to inhibit the tumor growth by the local injection, resulting in the disappearance of the tumor after 12 injections for onemonth period, 2.4 ml of 2.5% emulsion in total dosage. Histologic observations reveal degeneration and necrosis of tumor cells, whereas in the control animals always active proliferation of tumor cells can be observed.</p

New Ternary Hydride Formation in U-Ti-H System

Hydrogen absorption properties of two titanium-rich uranium alloys, UTi_2 and UTi_4, were studied in order to prepare and identify the recently found ternary hydride. They slowly reacted with hydrogen of the initial pressure of 10^5Pa at 873K to form the ternary hydride. The hydrogenated specimen mainly consisted of the pursued ternary hydride but contained also U(or UO_2), TiH_x, and some transient phases. X-ray powder diffraction and Electron Probe Micro Analysis proved that it was the UTi_2H_x with the expected MgCu_2 structure, though all the X-ray peaks were broad probably because of inhomogeneity. This compound had extremely high resistance to powdering on its formation, which showed high potential utilities for a non-powdering tritium storage system or for other purposes