Spin-orbit effects in a graphene bipolar pn junction

A graphene $pn$ junction is studied theoretically in the presence of both intrinsic and Rashba spin-orbit couplings. We show that a crossover from perfect reflection to perfect transmission is achieved at normal incidence by tuning the perpendicular electric field. By further studying angular dependent transmission, we demonstrate that perfect reflection at normal incidence can be clearly distinguished from trivial band gap effects. We also investigate how spin-orbit effects modify the conductance and the Fano factor associated with a potential step in both $nn$ and $np$ cases.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, conductance and Fano factor plots adde

Deuteriation of sugar protons simplify NMR assignments and structure determination of large oligonucleotide by the 1H-NMR window approach.

The concept of the 1H-NMR window has been developed and examined through a comparative study of NOESY spectra of a self-complementary Dickerson's dodecamer (I) [5'd(5C6G7C8G9A10A11T12T13C-14G15C16G)2(3')], a self-complementary 20-mer (II) [(5'd(1C2G3C4G5C6G7C8G9A10A11T12T13C14G15C16G17C18G19C20G)2(3')] in which the core part consists of the same Dickerson's dodecamer sequence with the flanking CGCG residues at both 3' and 5'-ends, and the partly-deuteriated (shown by underlined CGCG residues at both 3' and 5'-ends) analogous duplex (III) [5'd(1C2G3C4G5C6G7C8G9A10A11T12T13C14G15C16G17C18G19C20G)2(3')] in which the core 5C to 16G part (i.e. 1H-NMR window) consists of the natural Dickerson's dodecamer sequence. A comparison of their NOESY spectra clearly demonstrates that the severe overlap of proton resonances in the larger DNA duplex (II) has been successfully reduced in the partly-deuterated duplex (III) as a result of specific incorporations of the sugar-deuteriated nucleotide residues in the latter [stereospecific > 97 atom % 2H enrichment at H2', H2'' and H3' sites, approximately 85 atom % 2H enrichment at H4' and approximately 20 atom % 2H enrichment at H1' (see refs. 10 and 11) in the 20-mer duplex (III)]. These simplifications of the resonance overlap by the deuteriation approach have enabled unequivocal chemical shift assignments and extraction of the quantitative NOE data in the 1H-NMR window part of duplex (III). A comparison of the 12-nucleotide long 1H-NMR window in (III) with that of the 12-mer duplex (I) also shows the scope of studying the changes in conformation and dynamics of the core 12-mer region in (III) which result from the increase of molecular weight due to the DNA chain extension. It is noteworthy that such a study is clearly impossible for the natural 20-mer (II) because of the inherent problem of the overlap of resonances