Problems of atomic reactor-lasers

The preliminary directions to be pursued in correcting and implementing basic atomic reactor-laser concepts are outlined. The basic measures to be followed in implementing such systems are discussed

Types of Angiopathy in Experimental Autoimmune Disease in Rats

The purpose and objectives of this work were to study the nature of the heart, lungs and kidneys angiopathy in rats with a model of systemic autoimmune disease, carrying out comparisons of the results with extravasal morphological manifestations of the pathological process, the state of vascular endothelial function and activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood. The experiment was conducted on 40 non-linear rats. To simulate the disease animals were injected by complete Freund's adjuvant, a solution of splenic deoxyribonucleic acid cattle, mercaptopurine, methyluracilum and with food rats constantly received sulfate cadmium, lithium hydroxybutyrate and ammonium molybdate. Within two months from the start of the study animals were taken out of the experiment on the background of intraperitoneal nembutal anesthesia. Histological sections of the heart, lung and kidney tissue were stained with hematoxylin -eosin, alcian blue and by van-Gieson, becoming the PAS-reaction. In the animals with the proposed experimental model of systemic autoimmune disease observed morphological characteristics of lesions of the heart blood vessels, lungs and kidneys, the nature of the manifestations of which were interconnected with each other, which confirms the common pathogenetic angiopathy constructions at various diseases in clinical practice. In the genesis of cardiac, pulmonary and renal vessels lesions act the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and violation of vascular endothelial function, which has a certain practical significance. In clinical practice, not only purely systemic vasculitis, and other autoimmune diseases should be treated as angiopathy

Glioblastoma: the current state of the problem

A brief literature review of modern scientifi c data on the biology of the most malignant neuroepithelial tumors — glioblastomas of the central nervous system is presented. Th e article discusses the issues of epidemiology, classifi cation, molecular genetic and radiological diagnostics, as well as the complex treatment of this type of tumor in adult (> 20 years old) patients. Genetic and biochemical factors of glioblastoma development are described in detail, the main prognostic criteria for the eff ectiveness of chemotherapy are presented. Th e article concludes with an overview of the main trends in the development of experimental treatment methods

TYPES OF ANGIOPATHY IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE IN RATS

The purpose and objectives of this work were to study the nature of the heart, lungs and kidneys angiopathy in rats with a model of systemic autoimmune disease, carrying out comparisons of the results with extravasal morphological manifestations of the pathological process, the state of vascular endothelial function and activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood. The experiment was conducted on 40 non-linear rats. To simulate the disease animals were injected by complete Freund's adjuvant, a solution of splenic deoxyribonucleic acid cattle, mercaptopurine, methyluracilum and with food rats constantly received sulfate cadmium, lithium hydroxybutyrate and ammonium molybdate. Within two months from the start of the study animals were taken out of the experiment on the background of intraperitoneal nembutal anesthesia. Histological sections of the heart, lung and kidney tissue were stained with hematoxylin -eosin, alcian blue and by van-Gieson, becoming the PAS-reaction. In the animals with the proposed experimental model of systemic autoimmune disease observed morphological characteristics of lesions of the heart blood vessels, lungs and kidneys, the nature of the manifestations of which were interconnected with each other, which confirms the common pathogenetic angiopathy constructions at various diseases in clinical practice. In the genesis of cardiac, pulmonary and renal vessels lesions act the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and violation of vascular endothelial function, which has a certain practical significance. In clinical practice, not only purely systemic vasculitis, and other autoimmune diseases should be treated as angiopathy

Thermalization of coupled atom-light states in the presence of optical collisions

The interaction of a two-level atomic ensemble with a quantized single mode electromagnetic field in the presence of optical collisions (OC) is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The main accent is made on achieving thermal equilibrium for coupled atom-light states (in particular dressed states). We propose a model of atomic dressed state thermalization that accounts for the evolution of the pseudo-spin Bloch vector components and characterize the essential role of the spontaneous emission rate in the thermalization process. Our model shows that the time of thermalization of the coupled atom-light states strictly depends on the ratio of the detuning and the resonant Rabi frequency. The predicted time of thermalization is in the nanosecond domain and about ten times shorter than the natural lifetime at full optical power in our experiment. Experimentally we are investigating the interaction of the optical field with rubidium atoms in an ultra-high pressure buffer gas cell under the condition of large atom-field detuning comparable to the thermal energy in frequency units. In particular, an observed detuning dependence of the saturated lineshape is interpreted as evidence for thermal equilibrium of coupled atom-light states. A significant modification of sideband intensity weights is predicted and obtained in this case as well.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures; the content was edite

Preoperative evaluation of the venous system during the surgery of parasagittal meningioma

Clinical observation of the patient with parasagittal meningioma at the level of the middle third of the superior sagittal sinus and falx is presented. When such tumors are removed, the main task is to prevent damage to the parasagittal veins, the injury of which can cause a persistent neurological defi cit in the postoperative period. A feature of this case is the complex use of advanced minimally invasive methods of angiographic diagnosis when planning surgical treatment, which signifi cantly increases the chances of a successful outcome of the operation

Диффузионно-куртозисная МРТ в диагностике злокачественности глиом головного мозга

Purpose. To assess the diagnostic efficacy of diffusion kurtosis inaging in grading of brain gliomas. Material and methods. Absolute and normalized to the contralateral normal appearing white matter values of diffusion tensor parameters (mean, axial and radial diffusivities, fractional and relative anisotropies) and diffusion kurtosis parameters (mean, axial and radial kurtosis, kurtosis anisotropy) of tumors were compared in the most malignant solid parts of 27 (44%) low grade gliomas, 14 (23%) grade-III and 20 (33%) grade-IV gliomas (p < 0.05 significance level, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Results. Absolute and normalized values of all diffusion parameters (except of absolute fractional and relative anisotropies) were significantly different between high and low grade gliomas, and maximal sensitivity and specificity were found for normalized values of mean kurtosis (85,19% and 85,29%) and radial kurtosis (85,19% and 85,29%). Absolute and normalized values of all diffusion parameters (except of absolute and normalized values of fractional and relative anisotropies) differed significantly among grade-III and grade-IV gliomas, and maximal sensitivity and specificity were found for absolute mean kurtosis (92.86% and 90.00%). Only normalized values of mean, axial and radial kurtosis were significantly different between low grade and grade-III gliomas, and maximal sensitivity and specificity were found for normalized values of mean kurtosis (77.78% and 78.57%) and axial kurtosis (77.78% and 78.57%). Conclusion. Diffusion kurtosis imaging demonstrated a promising potential to differentiate among glioma grades. Kurtosis parameters better differed between gliomas grades compared with diffusion tensor parameters.Цель исследования: оценить возможности диффузионно-куртозисной МРТ в диагностике злокачественности глиом. Материал и методы. В исследование включен 61 пациент (27 (44%) глиом низкой, 14 (23%) глиом III и 20 (33%) глиом IV степени злокачественности). Абсолютные и нормализованные параметры диффузионного тензора (средняя, аксиальная и радиальная диффузия, фракционная и относительная анизотропия) и диффузионного куртозиса (средний, аксиальный и радиальный куртозис, куртозисная анизотропия) были сравнены между наиболее злокачественными участками глиом различной степени злокачественности (p < 0,05, тест Колмогорова-Смирнова). Результаты. Между глиомами высокой и низкой степени злокачественности все диффузионные параметры, кроме абсолютных фракционной и относительной анизотропии, отличались статистически значимо, а максимальные чувствительность и специфичность были получены для нормализованных среднего куртозиса (85,19 и 85,29%) и радиального куртозиса (85,19 и 85,29%). Между глиомами III и IV степени злокачественности все диффузионные параметры, кроме абсолютных и нормализованных значений фракционной и относительной анизотропии, отличались статистически значимо, а максимальные чувствительность и специфичность были получены для абсолютного среднего куртозиса (92,86 и 90,00%). Между глиомами III и глиомами низкой степени злокачественности статистически значимо отличались нормализованные средний, аксиальный и радиальный куртозис, а максимальные чувствительность и специфичность были получены для нормализованных среднего куртозиса (77,78 и 78,57%) и аксиального куртозиса (77,78 и 78,57%). Заключение. В дифференциации между группами параметры диффузионного куртозиса показали более точные результаты по сравнению с параметрами диффузионного тензора