Математические модели реализации концепции жестких бюджетных ограничений в бюджетной системе

 The subject of the study is the processes of budget decentralization in the management of public finances, as wellas mathematical methods and models for implementing the concept of hard budget restrictions in order to create conditions for the self-development of administrative-territorial units. The aim of the study is to develop adaptive economic and mathematical models for implementing the strategy of hard budget constraints implemented in the process  of inter-budget regulation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that currently the subject of acute discussion in the scientific community is the self-development of administrative-territorial entities and increasing their financial independence. In this regard, the focus of economic research is focused on the problems of budgetary decentralization as an engine of economic development, as well as the related topics of the use of mathematical tools for modeling decision support in this area. The created models are subject to the requirements of learnability, adaptability to changing conditions of environmental influences, and the ability to operate not only with quantitative, but also with qualitatively defined characteristics. The problem of mathematical modeling is solved by applying an interdisciplinary synthesis of the theories of stochastic automata operating in random environments and fuzzy logic. The proposed synthesis of theoretical and methodological devices is the novelty of the research. As a result, an economic and mathematical model of a fuzzy automaton is constructed for determining and quantifying the values of the norms for the distribution of tax revenues between budgets of different levels of the budget system. A fuzzy automaton interacts with a simulation model that reproduces budget flows and quantifies the decisions made by the automaton model. The practical significance of the research results lies in the program implementation of the developed models and their inclusion in the public finance management circuit. In the future, it is planned to create a mathematical model of the collective behavior of fuzzy automata models, the interaction of which solves the problem of coordinating the interests of budgets of different levels of the hierarchy in the distribution of tax revenues.  Предметом исследования являются процессы бюджетной децентрализации при управлении общественными финансами, а также математические методы и модели реализации концепции жестких бюджетных ограничений с целью создания условий саморазвития административно-территориальных единиц. Цель исследования — разработка адаптивных экономико-математических моделей для осуществления стратегии жестких бюджетных ограничений, реализуемых в процессе межбюджетного регулирования.Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что в настоящее время в научном сообществе предметом острой дискуссии является саморазвитие административно-территориальных образований и повышение их финансовой самостоятельности. В этой связи фокус внимания экономических исследований сосредоточен на проблематике бюджетной децентрализации как двигателе экономического развития, а также связанной с ней тематике применения математического аппарата для моделирования поддержки принятия решений в этой сфере. К создаваемым моделям предъявляются требования обучаемости, адаптивности к изменяющимся условиям воздействий внешней среды и умения оперирования не только количественными, но и качественно определенными характеристиками. Поставленная проблема математического моделирования решается посредством применения междисциплинарного синтеза теорий стохастических автоматов, функционирующих в случайных средах, и нечеткой логики. Предлагаемый синтез теоретико-методологических аппаратов составляет новизну проведенных исследований. В результате построена экономико-математическая модель нечеткого автомата для определения и количественного обоснования величин нормативов распределения налоговых поступлений между бюджетами различных уровней бюджетной системы России. Нечеткий автомат в процессе функционирования взаимодействует с имитационной моделью, воспроизводящей бюджетные потоки и количественно оценивающей принимаемые автоматной моделью решения. Практическая значимость результатов исследования состоит в программной реализации разработанных моделей и их включении в контур управления общественными финансами. В перспективе предполагается создание математической модели коллективного поведения нечетких автоматных моделей, взаимодействие которых решает проблему согласования интересов бюджетов различных уровней иерархии при распределении налоговых доходов.

Professional education in tourism: problems of the regional level

The article reveals the main problems of professional education in the sphere of tourism at the regional leve

Method of modeling the cognitive radio using Opnet Modeler

This article is a review of the first wireless standard based on cognitive radio networks. The necessity of wireless networks based on the technology of cognitive radio. An example of the use of standard IEEE 802.22 in Wimax network through which was implemented in the simulation software environment Opnet Modeler. Schedules to check the performance of HTTP and FTP protocols CR network. Simulation results justify the use of standard IEEE 802.22 in wireless networks.Ця стаття являє собою огляд першого бездротового стандарту, заснованого на мережах когнітивного радіо. У роботі були розглянуті основні елементи стандарту IEEE 802.22, такі як структура фізичного і канального рівнів, топологія системи, ємність системи і задане покриття системи. Також були визначені головні переваги та проблеми стандарту 802.22.Використовуючи пакетOpnetModeler, було промодульовано сегмент CR мережі через Wimax, використовуючи RIPng протокол

Fermi surface renormalization and confinement in two coupled metallic chains

Using a non-perturbative functional renormalization group approach involving both fermionic and bosonic fields we calculate the interaction-induced change of the Fermi surface of spinless fermions moving on two chains connected by weak interchain hopping t_{bot}. We show that interchain backscattering can strongly reduce the distance Delta between the Fermi momenta associated with the bonding and the antibonding band, corresponding to a large reduction of the effective interchain hopping t_{bot}^{*} A self-consistent one-loop approximation neglecting marginal vertex corrections and wave-function renormalizations predicts a confinement transition for sufficiently large interchain backscattering, where the renormalized t_{bot}^{*} vanishes. However, a more accurate calculation taking vertex corrections and wave-function renormalizations into account predicts only weak confinement in the sense that 0< | t_{bot}^{*} | << | t_{bot} |. Our method can be applied to other strong-coupling problems where the dominant scattering channel is known.Comment: 15 RevTex pages, 11 figures; final version as published in Phys. Rev. B; changes: figure with weak coupling RG flow added; more extensive discussion of previous work added; some references adde

Selection of strawberry cultivars according to their productivity and berry quality using normalized indices

Background. Combined use of various data transformation methods and a multivariate statistical analysis that takes into account several variables would increase the efficiency of selecting promising strawberry genotypes according to a set of traits for industrial and small-scale production.Materials and methods. In 2020–2022, 17 short-day garden strawberry cultivars were studied. The analysis was carried out for productivity (the number of berries, the weight of berries of the 1st order, and the average berry weight), marketable quality of berries (berry pulp density, berry height, and berry diameter), and total weight of berries per plant. Mathematical data processing employed a two-factor analysis of variance, the principal component method, cluster analysis by Ward’s algorithm, and Wilcoxon test.Results. The statistical significance of the cultivar and year factors, and their interaction was measured. The cultivar’s genotype had the greatest effect on the variability of characters. Greater part of the total variance in the set of characters was determined by the first five principal components. The cluster analysis identified two groups of cultivars. The initial data were transformed according to the least significant difference (LSD05) to obtain normalized indices. Taking into account the Wilcoxon test, the cultivars were ranked by the indices. When comparing the groups built in line with mean and total values of the normalized indices with the cluster analysis results, 6 best strawberry cultivars were identified for the studied set of characters.Conclusion. The combined use of multivariate methods and normalized indices made it possible to identify the most promising strawberry cultivars according to their yield and berry quality: ‘Olympia’, ‘Nelli’, ‘Florence’, ‘Kemia’, ‘Jive’, and ‘Alba’

Regional socio-economic-geographical systems: approaches to the definition

The article is devoted to the analyses of theoretical approaches towards the definition of the concept "region" in Russian and foreign researches. Research studies of a region as a socio-economic system appears to be sufficiently conventional within the modern socio-economic and geographic science, however the united approach towards theoretical evaluation of the category, its definition and its forming subsystems does not still exists. The authors put emphasis on a topological approach towards the definition of the concept "the regional social, economic and geographical system

Construction of religious relation at the Northern Azov territories of Ukraine: dialogical measurement

The religion as a specific socio-cultural phenomenon determines the relation to all parts of human existence. The identity of a modern Ukrainian is based entirely on certain convictions, of which religious conviction is significant. The most notable is the effect of the combination of religious and ethnic identities in the North Azov Sea, which is directly linked to a large number of representatives of various ethnic communities and cultures

On the multiplicity of the hyperelliptic integrals

Let $I(t)= \oint_{\delta(t)} \omega$ be an Abelian integral, where $H=y^2-x^{n+1}+P(x)$ is a hyperelliptic polynomial of Morse type, $\delta(t)$ a horizontal family of cycles in the curves $\{H=t\}$, and $\omega$ a polynomial 1-form in the variables $x$ and $y$. We provide an upper bound on the multiplicity of $I(t)$, away from the critical values of $H$. Namely: $ord\ I(t) \leq n-1+\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$if$\deg \omega <\deg H=n+1$. The reasoning goes as follows: we consider the analytic curve parameterized by the integrals along$\delta(t)$of the$n$``Petrov'' forms of$H$(polynomial 1-forms that freely generate the module of relative cohomology of$H$), and interpret the multiplicity of$I(t)$as the order of contact of$\gamma(t)$and a linear hyperplane of$\textbf C^ n$. Using the Picard-Fuchs system satisfied by$\gamma(t)$, we establish an algebraic identity involving the wronskian determinant of the integrals of the original form$\omega$along a basis of the homology of the generic fiber of$H$. The latter wronskian is analyzed through this identity, which yields the estimate on the multiplicity of$I(t)$. Still, in some cases, related to the geometry at infinity of the curves$\{H=t\} \subseteq \textbf C^2$, the wronskian occurs to be zero identically. In this alternative we show how to adapt the argument to a system of smaller rank, and get a nontrivial wronskian. For a form$\omega$of arbitrary degree, we are led to estimating the order of contact between$\gamma(t)$and a suitable algebraic hypersurface in$\textbf C^{n+1}$. We observe that$ord I(t)$grows like an affine function with respect to$\deg \omega$.Comment: 18 page

Sociological diagnostics of crowdsourcing technology in the practice of regional management

The article proposes a methodology for identifying and analyzing the technology of crowdsourcing, examines the main stages of the formation, and analyzes the implementation of crowdsourcing technology into the practice of regional managemen

COMPETITIVE SITUATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: MODERN TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS

The most important element constituting the basis for the functioning of the modern economy of Russia and ensuring the ongoing development of market relations is the competition, understood in a broad sense as a process of rivalry between economic agents, leading to a change in product handling conditions on the relevant market. 2015 was held in Russia under the influence of a number of factors, which contain signs of an economic crisis, which is a condition that affects the development of key segments of the domestic economy and determines Russian policy. Mutual sanctions from the European Union and Russia have caused some changes not only in the economy of the country as a whole, but also in the economy of its individual regions. The Russian economy was faced with the need for a very short time to make a leap in increasing the competitiveness of its products, as well as import substitution, which would normally take many years. In such conditions, the key role of the state is to support not only large branches of the economy and the defense sector, but also to develop a strategy for developing competitive relations in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses. The article examines the main problems of ensuring Russia's competitiveness, the reasons for the low efficiency of the national innovation system.The most important element constituting the basis for the functioning of the modern economy of Russia and ensuring the ongoing development of market relations is the competition, understood in a broad sense as a process of rivalry between economic agents, leading to a change in product handling conditions on the relevant market. 2015 was held in Russia under the influence of a number of factors, which contain signs of an economic crisis, which is a condition that affects the development of key segments of the domestic economy and determines Russian policy. Mutual sanctions from the European Union and Russia have caused some changes not only in the economy of the country as a whole, but also in the economy of its individual regions. The Russian economy was faced with the need for a very short time to make a leap in increasing the competitiveness of its products, as well as import substitution, which would normally take many years. In such conditions, the key role of the state is to support not only large branches of the economy and the defense sector, but also to develop a strategy for developing competitive relations in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses. The article examines the main problems of ensuring Russia's competitiveness, the reasons for the low efficiency of the national innovation system