Novel Constructions of Mutually Unbiased Tripartite Absolutely Maximally Entangled Bases

We develop a new technique to construct mutually unbiased tripartite absolutely maximally entangled bases. We first explore the tripartite absolutely maximally entangled bases and mutually unbiased bases in $\mathbb{C}^{d} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{d} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{d}$ based on mutually orthogonal Latin squares. Then we generalize the approach to the case of $\mathbb{C}^{d_{1}} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{d_{2}} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{d_{1}d_{2}}$ by mutually weak orthogonal Latin squares. The concise direct constructions of mutually unbiased tripartite absolutely maximally entangled bases are remarkably presented with generality. Detailed examples in $\mathbb{C}^{3} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{3} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{3},$ $\mathbb{C}^{2} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{2} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{4}$ and $\mathbb{C}^{2} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{5} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{10}$ are provided to illustrate the advantages of our approach

Mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases from difference matrices

Based on maximally entangled states, we explore the constructions of mutually unbiased bases in bipartite quantum systems. We present a new way to construct mutually unbiased bases by difference matrices in the theory of combinatorial designs. In particular, we establish $q$ mutually unbiased bases with $q-1$ maximally entangled bases and one product basis in $\mathbb{C}^q\otimes \mathbb{C}^q$ for arbitrary prime power $q$. In addition, we construct maximally entangled bases for dimension of composite numbers of non-prime power, such as five maximally entangled bases in $\mathbb{C}^{12}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{12}$ and $\mathbb{C}^{21}\otimes\mathbb{C}^{21}$, which improve the known lower bounds for $d=3m$, with $(3,m)=1$ in $\mathbb{C}^{d}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{d}$. Furthermore, we construct $p+1$ mutually unbiased bases with $p$ maximally entangled bases and one product basis in $\mathbb{C}^p\otimes \mathbb{C}^{p^2}$ for arbitrary prime number $p$.Comment: 24 page

Quantum kk-uniform states from quantum orthogonal arrays

The quantum orthogonal arrays define remarkable classes of multipartite entangled states called $k$-uniform states whose every reductions to $k$ parties are maximally mixed. We present constructions of quantum orthogonal arrays of strength 2 with levels of prime power, as well as some constructions of strength 3. As a consequence, we give infinite classes of 2-uniform states of $N$ systems with dimension of prime power $d\geq 2$ for arbitrary $N\geq 5$; 3-uniform states of $N$-qubit systems for arbitrary $N\geq 6$ and $N\neq 7,8,9,11$; 3-uniform states of $N$ systems with dimension of prime power $d\geq 7$ for arbitrary $N\geq 7$.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure

Clinical features and prognosis of lung cancer in patients with connective tissue diseases: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundStudies have demonstrated a close association between connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and lung cancer (LC). Evidence supports that poor survival may be associated with the presence of CTDs in patients with LC.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study investigated 29 patients with LC with CTDs, and 116 patients with LC without CTDs were enrolled as case-matched control cohorts. Medical records, therapeutic efficacy of cancer, and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThe median duration from the diagnosis of CTDs to LC was 17 years. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score for LC-CTD patients was worse than that for matched non-CTD LC patients. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) and overall survival (mOS) of first-line chemotherapy did not differ between patients with lung adenocarcinoma (AC) with and without CTDs. A significant difference was observed in mPFS [4 months vs. 17 months; hazard ratio (HR), 9.987; p = 0.004] and mOS (6 months vs. 35 months; HR, 26.009; p < 0.001) of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment between patients with AC with and without CTDs. The presence of CTD, sex, ECOG performance status, and tumor-node-metastasis clinical stage were the independent prognostic factors in all patients with non–small cell LC (NSCLC). ECOG performance status was determined to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with LC-CTD. In patients with NSCLC with CTD (n = 26), sex (male) and worse ECOG score were the independent poor prognostic factors.ConclusionsCTDs were associated with poor survival in patients with LC. The therapeutic efficacy of first-line EGFR-TKI therapy was significantly worse in patients with lung AC with CTDs than in those without CTDs. ECOG performance status was determined as an independent prognostic factor for patients with LC and CTDs

Optimal Battery Recycling Strategy for Electric Vehicle under Government Subsidy in China

Motivated by the increasing environmental concerns about the used electric vehicle batteries in China, an electric vehicle manufacturer’s battery recycling strategy under government subsidy was studied. A consumer utility function was used to capture consumer environmental awareness associated with battery recycling and the game-theoretical approach was applied to analyze the interaction between the government and the manufacturer. It was found that, with an exogenous government subsidy, the manufacturer either recycles all the batteries, or it does not recycle any batteries if the impact of the recycling scale on costs is unremarkable; otherwise, the manufacturer recycles some used batteries when the benefit from recycling is moderate. Interestingly, an increased subsidy causes the manufacturer’s battery recycling rate to decrease if the subsidy is sufficiently large. When the government subsidy is endogenously, either full recycling, no recycling, or partial recycling can still arise. The optimal battery recycling rate and social welfare are lower in a non-cooperative game than in a cooperative game if the benefit from recycling is relatively low. The main findings were numerically justified with realistic subsidy data in China. The numerical results indicate: (1) the optimal battery recycling rate locates in a closed interval from 0 to 1 given an exogenous or an endogenous government subsidy, and it decreases with the subsidy when the subsidy is not less than 50% of the production cost of electric vehicle; (2) the social welfare first increases to a maximum value and then decreases as the subsidy increases; and (3) the optimal battery recycling rate increases significantly and the social welfare is improved when there is cooperation between the government and the manufacturer

Application of foam separation in production of β-glucanase in Pichia

β-glucanase is widely used in many fields and has great economic value and development space, but it faces the difficulties of separation and nutrient destruction in the process of industrial production. Foam separation is a simple, mild and efficient adsorption separation technique that enables efficient separation and extraction of β-glucanase. In this study, five single factors(loading volume, pH, separation gas velocity, fermentation loading concentration, surfactant concentration) of foam separation and harvest of β-glucanase produced by Pichia pastoris were studied. The best univariate condition was: 600 mL/min separation gas velocity, loading volume of 200 mL, initial enzyme concentration of 100 g/mL, surfactant concentration of 0.3 mg/mL and pH of 5. Based on the best univariate condition, the optimal separation conditions of β-glucanase were further explored, and the five-factor four-level orthogonal test was designed. From the experimental results, the best separation condition was: 600 mL/min, loading volume of 200 mL, initial enzyme concentration of 100 μg/mL, surfactant concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and pH of 5. Under this separation condition, the enrichment ratio (E) was 0.56 and the recovery rate (R) was 96.01%

Folate-conjugated dually responsive micelles for targeted anticancer drug delivery

Phenylboronic acid and folate grafted chitosan hydrochloride (FHCSPBA) was synthesized and confirmed by FTIR and H-1 NMR. Glucose and pH dually responsive micelles were obtained through self-assembly of the amphiphilic polymers. The prepared FHCSPBA micelles displayed good biocompatibility and sustained drug release of the model drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The cumulative drug release from the polymeric micelles showed obvious pH and glucose dependence and was accelerated by slightly decreasing the medium pH or increasing the glucose concentration. In vitro antitumor efficiency was evaluated by incubating the DOX loaded micelles with 4T1 breast cancer cells, and the results showed that folate-targeted micelles had higher antitumor activity than the non-targeted ones. Cellular uptake demonstrated by confocal microscopy indicated that free DOX was internalized in the nuclei of 4T1 cells, while the DOX loaded micelles were internalized in the cytoplasm. The cellular uptake of the micelles was enhanced by folate, with stronger fluorescence intensity in the cytoplasm, due to active FR-mediated endocytosis. These folate-conjugated glucose and pH dually responsive micelles may be a potential antitumor drug delivery system for cancer chemotherapy

Changes of Exercise and the Clinical Effects among Eldly Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Survivors

Background and objective Exercise can improve circulation, muscular strength and happiness of cancer survivors. But more data were needed to demonstrate both the exercise ability of cancer suivivors after pulmonary lobectomy and the influences of exercise on their survivals. The aim of this study was to examine changes of exercise and its clinical effects among eldly non-small cell lung cancer survivors. Methods Elderly non-small cell lung cancer survivors who had progression-free disease after surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors were included. Their exercises and participation rates per week before cancer diagnosis, after 3 months anticancer therapy and 1 year after diagnosis as well as their exercise motivations and prevalences were investigated retrospectively. Results Forty-eight elderly non-small cell lung cancer survivors were selected. Moderate-vigorous intensity exercise had by the elderly progressin-free non-small cell lung cancer survivors after diagnosis decreased, but the participation rate of light intensity exercise was higher in 1 year after diagnosis than before diagnosis. 75.9% (14/58) patients had exercise up to the standard and the cancer recurrence rate was 20.0% (7/35). The recurrence rate of the other group was 35.7% (5/14), and the risk ratio of recurrence was 2.14 (95%CI: 0.81-5.68, P=0.26). The most common motivations of exercise were improving health, increasing physical activity, maintaining healthy life style and improving immunity. And the main disturbances were fatigue, discomfort and lack of motivation. Conclusion The exercise participation rate during anticancer treatment among the elderly non-small cell lung cancer survivors decreased and did not return to prediagnosis levels after treatments were completed. The relationship between exercise and recurrence of cancer was not clear and needed further work