ニンシンキ ニ オケル ボシ ノ セッショク ト シテノ タイドウ : タイドウ ニッキ ニ オケル タイドウ オ アラワス オノマトペ ノ ブンセキ カラ

妊婦が胎動をどのような感覚としてとらえているか。本研究では,胎動そのものの変化に対して,妊婦がどのような感受性を示すかを検討する。妊婦の胎動への感受性の指標として,妊娠中に記録された胎動日記において,胎動を表現するために用いられたオノマトペに着目した。妊婦38 名から得られた胎動日記1032 を分析した結果,妊娠期には,実にさまざまなオノマトペが用いられていることがわかった。オノマトペに用いる音が豊富であり,語基の変形だけでなく,臨時のオノマトペの使用も認められた。また,胎動を表すオノマトペと胎児への意味づけとの関連について週齢変化を検討した結果,3 つの時期に整理することができた。第一期(～ 28 週)は胎動のオノマトペが多様性を帯び,第三期(35 ～ 40 週)に向けて,オノマトペの多様性より,胎児への意味づけの多様性が増すように変化することを見いだした。最後に,母子の身体接触としての胎動という観点から考察した。How sense does a pregnant woman have at fetal movement? The present study examined how pregnant women (N=38) described fetal movement in order to consider women\u27s perceptions of relationships with their fetuses. Especially, it focused on how onomatopoeia they use to express their sense at fetal movement. Participants kept a pregnancy diary about fetal movement. Analysis of the 1032 diary entries found out that pregnant women used very different kinds of idiomatic onomatopoeia, and also produced temporary onomatopoeia. Further, it also found out that in each of three periods (e.g., before 28th week, 29th – 34th week, and 35th – 40th week), pregnant women used different onomatopoeia for fetal movement. Finally, this paper discussed the meaning of the fetal movement as touch between fetus and mother

Effects of microbubbles in precoat filtration

When the diameter of a microscopic bubble is less than 50 μm, it is referred to as microbubble (MB). The properties of MB are different from those of bubbles whose diameter is more than 50 μm. For instance, MB has the negatively charged surface and the self-pressurization effect. Because of these properties of MB, it is used in some processes such as wastewater treatment or aquatic environmental remediation. It has been reported that when diluted slurry of FeO(OH) is filtered in precoat layer containing MB at a constant rate, the filtration time becomes more than twice longer compared to that of conventional precoat filtration. This technique can decrease the frequency of filter medium cleaning and reprecoating, resulting in a cost reduction of precoat filtration. However, it has not been clarified why the addition of MB to the precoat layer lengthen the filtration cycle. In this study, we discuss the effects of MB on precoat layer prepared by MB body feeding to kieselguhr slurry

Hydrogen-bond-assisted asymmetric radical cyclopolymerization of N-allyl-N-tert-butylacrylamide in the presence of chiral tartrates

Low-temperature radical polymerization of achiral N-allyl-N-tert-butylacrylamide (AltBAAm) was conducted in toluene in the presence of chiral tartrates, such as diethyl L-tartrate (L-EtTar) and di-n-butyl L-tartrate. The 1H NMR spectra of the polymers obtained indicated progress of cyclopolymerization at low temperatures such as –80 °C. Optical properties of the poly(AltBAAm)s examined by optical rotation and circular dichroism measurements indicated asymmetric induction in the cyclopolymerization of achiral AltBAAm. For example, addition of L-EtTar at –80 °C provided the polymer with specific rotation of –4.8°. The tert-butyl groups of poly(AltBAAm)s were removed by treatment with CF3SO3H, transforming into poly(N-allylacrylamide)s [poly(AlAAm)s]. Then, stereochemistry in the stereorepeating unit was investigated by comparing 1H NMR signals of the poly(AlAAm)s with those of model compounds, cis- and trans-3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-pyrrolidones. Taking the negative specific rotation values of the poly(AltBAAm)s obtained with L-tartrates into account, it was revealed that (3S,4S)-trans-unit was predominantly formed through the hydrogen-bond-assisted complex formation of AltBAAm with L-tartrates