Nonlinear Effects of Superstar Collaboration: Why the Beatles Succeeded but Broke Up

This paper examines the knowledge creation process that takes place in a group of superstar innovators. How does a superstar innovator influence the generation of knowledge in a team? In particular, does the effect increase nonlinearly as the number of talented team members increases? We explore these questions by considering the success and subsequent breakup of the Beatles, one of the most popular music groups in history. Through a mathematical analysis for exploring the fundamental mechanism of the breakup and its implications for superstar collaborations, we show that the breakup was an inevitable consequence of the superstar collaboration

Moral, Trust and Happiness -Why Does Trust Improves Happiness?

This paper explores the relationship between trust and happiness. It specifically looks at more moral investment behavior across five countries. To explore this topic, survey data from five countries analyzed. The results suggest that moral investment behavior differs among countries and societies depending on the trust level, and there possibly exists a vicious cycle in moral investment behavior. However, the return from moral investment might not be restricted to economic aspects. Trust within a society may affects the happiness of individual directly without passing through economic channel. Trust within community may enrich the life, improve the sense of security, relieve anxiety, or remedy the sense of loneliness

Mathematics & Science Education and Income: An Empirical Study in Japan

Abstract: Since the second half of the 1990s, the decline in academic standards in mathematics and science among undergraduate students in Japan has been noted. Despite this, problems in science education have become increasingly severe, and their impact is having a mounting effect on Japan's economy. This paper studies the return to a university education in Japan by taking into account the relative ranking of the universities. We present an empirical analysis of how annual income differs depending on whether a major is natural science or humanities. We have found that science graduates have a higher average income than humanities graduates indicates that the added value they are producing is higher than that of humanities graduates. Of particular interest is the fact that a comparison of humanities graduates of A rank universities who did not sit admission examinations in mathematics with science graduates of B rank university showed that it was the science graduates who recorded higher average income at every age grade. The above comparison also reveals that even those humanities graduates of A rank universities who did sit admission examinations in mathematics are out-earned by science graduates of B rank universities in the under 30 and 55 and over age groups

職業生活の労働社会学的研究-生活史的分析-

金沢大学教養学部研究課題/領域番号:X46095-----81565, 研究期間(年度): 1971出典：研究課題「職業生活の労働社会学的研究-生活史的分析-」課題番号 X46095-----81565（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-X46095-----81565/）を加工して作

「飯場」における出稼ぎ労働者と寄せ場労働者の労働状況

金沢大学教養部建設産業は今まで、その主要な労働力として出稼ぎ労働者と寄せ場日雇労働者に依存してきた。しかし最近では、出稼ぎ労働者は高齢化などにより激減しており、その分だけ寄せ場日雇労働者への依存率を高めつつある。しかも若者の間に、「危険、汚い、きつい労働」への忌避が広まっている現状では、大型プロジェクトを遂行するためには、いやが上にも寄せ場労働者に対する需要は高まらざるをえない。全般的な「人手不足」時代を迎えたこともあって今、「寄せ場」は空前絶後の好景気に沸きかえっている。このような有利な諸条件の中で寄せ場労働者の賃金は高騰し、かつて出稼ぎ労働者との間にあった賃金格差は完全に逆転している。現状では、日雇労働者の賃金相場が、出稼ぎ賃金をリ-ドしている。その結果、高齢の出稼ぎ労働者の中には、企業の雇用条件が悪いために、日雇労働者となって働いているという注目すべきケ-スも表れてきている。このような状況から、部分的には出稼ぎ労働者と寄せ場労働者との関係が逆転している現象もあるが、基本的な地位関係までも覆しているわけではない。出稼ぎ労働者を主要に雇用している中堅企業と、日雇労働者を主要に雇用している零細企業との間にレベルの格差があるからである。また一般に建設企業は、寄せ場労働者と較べると相対的に安定している、勤勉な出稼ぎ労働者の雇用を優先させ、比較的安定した労働条件を与えるからである。「飯場」は今や、少なくとも表向きには完全に死語と化している。今では、「作業員宿舎」と呼ばれている。その実態もかなり変化している。地価の高騰もあって、大型化すると共に、個室化が進んでいる傾向が見られる。この面でも、出稼ぎ労働者の宿舎個室の改善は目覚ましく、中には冷暖房のついている部屋を用意しているところもある。ちなみに、出稼ぎ労働者の賃金は、需要供給の関係から「東高西低」型となっている。The construction industry has been depending upon season workers and day laborers in "Yoseba" as its chief labor until now. But recently season workers are decreasing remarkably because the average of their age is becoming high, so instead, it is raising the percentage of dependence upon day laborers in "Yoseba". In addition, in the present situation that young workers tend to evade "dirty" "dangerous" and "heavy" work, in order to carry out large projects, the demand for day laborers in "Yoseba" can\u27t help rising all the more. Moreover, since the time of the whole lack of hands has come, "Yoseba" is in an uproar with the epoch-making prosperity. Under such favorable conditions as these, wages of day laborers in "Yoseba" are soaring, the wage differential there was once between them and season workers has perfectly been reversed. In the present conditions, the wage price of day laborers is leading that of season workers. In result, the remarkable case is appearing that some season workers of advanced age are working as day laborers for the reason that enterprise\u27s employment terms are bad.From these conditions, we can see the phenomenon that the relation of season workers and day laborers in "Yoseba" has partly been reversed, but not even basic relation in rank has been reversed. Because there is the level differential between medium-sized enterprises that chiefly employ season workers and small firms that chiefly employ day laborers. Besides construction enterprises generally give priority to employment of industrious season workers that are relatively stable compared with day laborers in "Yoseba", and give them rather steady working conditions. Now "Hanba" is perfectly an obsolete word in public. Now it is called "lodging of laborers". Also its actual conditions are considerably changing. Skyrocketing of land prices tends to make lodgings taller than they used to be, and each laborer also tends to have his own room. Also on this side, we can know that season worker\u27s lodging-rooms are startlingly improved, and even air-conditioners are installed in some rooms. By the way, the wage prices of season workers are "high in the east and low in the west" according to the relation of demand and supply.研究課題/領域番号:63510092, 研究期間(年度):1988 – 1989出典：研究課題「「飯場」における出稼ぎ労働者と寄せ場労働者の労働状況」課題番号63510092（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63510092/635100921991kenkyu_seika_hokoku_gaiyo/2/）を加工して作

都市下層労働者の職業移動の実態

金沢大学教養学部研究課題/領域番号:X00095----861059, 研究期間(年度)1973出典：研究課題「都市下層労働者の職業移動の実態 」課題番号 X00095----861059（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-X00095----861059/）を加工して作

南島社会における若者たちの労働観と就業行動

金沢大学教養部研究課題/領域番号58510078, 研究期間(年度):1983 – 1984出典：研究課題「南島社会における若者たちの労働観と就業行動」課題番号58510078（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-58510078/）を加工して作

出稼ぎ者の生活類型と母村の状況との関連性にかんする研究

金沢大学教養部研究課題/領域番号:X00095----461051研究期間(年度):1979出典：「出稼ぎ者の生活類型と母村の状況との関連性にかんする研究」研究成果報告書　課題番号X00095----461051（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-X00095----461051/）を加工して作

出稼ぎ労働者の経歴類型研究

金沢大学教養学部研究課題/領域番号:X00095----161054, 研究期間(年度):1976出典：「出稼ぎ労働者の経歴類型研究」研究成果報告書　課題番号X00095----161054（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-X00095----161054/）を加工して作