In vivo antioxidant potential of lepidium sativum l. Seeds in albino rats using cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity

The present study was designed to investigate to possible potential nephrocurative, nephroprotective activity and in vivo antioxidant potential of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg ethanolic extract of Lepidium sativum L. seeds was use to against cisplatin (5mg/kg, i.p.) induced nephrotoxicity. The experimental protocol designed as the animals were divided into six groups (n=6) like control, model control, two curative (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg), and two protective groups (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, were received vehicle, cisplatin, cisplatin + extract, and extract + cisplatin respectively. After 6th days, blood collected from retro-orbital sinus of rats and determined urea and creatinine level in serum of each group after then rats were sacrificed for quantitative estimation of various enzymes and ATPase content in kidney tissue. A single dose of cisplatin induced loss in body weight, increase urine excretion, increased urea & creatinine level in serum; it was significantly recovered by 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg in curative and protective groups. The enzyme estimation in kidney tissue it found that increase malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione level, it was significantly monitored by 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg in curative and protective groups. These are defined as vivo antioxidant potential. The level of brush border enzymes like Na+ / K+ ATPase, Ca++ ATPase and Mg++ATPase were found significantly reduced after single dose cisplatin injection. It was overcome by treatment of same extract in curative and protective groups. Finally it is concluded that the present study data conformed nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin due oxidative stress and ethanolic extract of Lepidium sativum L. seeds may have nephroprotective and curative activity.Keywords: Cisplatin; Nephrotoxicity; urea; creatinine; glutathione; Lipid peroxidatio

In vivo antioxidant potential of lepidium sativum l. Seeds in albino rats using cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity

The present study was designed to investigate to possible potential nephrocurative, nephroprotective activity and in vivo antioxidant potential of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg ethanolic extract of Lepidium sativum L. seeds was use to against cisplatin (5mg/kg, i.p.) induced nephrotoxicity. The experimental protocol designed as the animals were divided into six groups (n=6) like control, model control, two curative (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg), and two protective groups (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, were received vehicle, cisplatin, cisplatin + extract, and extract + cisplatin respectively. After 6th days, blood collected from retro-orbital sinus of rats and determined urea and creatinine level in serum of each group after then rats were sacrificed for quantitative estimation of various enzymes and ATPase content in kidney tissue. A single dose of cisplatin induced loss in body weight, increase urine excretion, increased urea & creatinine level in serum; it was significantly recovered by 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg in curative and protective groups. The enzyme estimation in kidney tissue it found that increase malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione level, it was significantly monitored by 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg in curative and protective groups. These are defined as vivo antioxidant potential. The level of brush border enzymes like Na+ / K+ ATPase, Ca++ ATPase and Mg++ATPase were found significantly reduced after single dose cisplatin injection. It was overcome by treatment of same extract in curative and protective groups. Finally it is concluded that the present study data conformed nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin due oxidative stress and ethanolic extract of Lepidium sativum L. seeds may have nephroprotective and curative activity.Keywords: Cisplatin; Nephrotoxicity; urea; creatinine; glutathione; Lipid peroxidatio

Effects of hesperetin on dimethylsulphoxide induced cognitive dysfunction mediated through oxidative stress marker and neuroinflammation in hippocampus

Objective: Hesperetin is a natural flavonoid with antioxidant potential and can be used to treat disorders of the brain. Therefore, present study is designed to investigate effect of hesperetin on dimethylsulphoxide induced cognitive dysfunction mediated through oxidative stress marker and neuroinflammation in hippocampus Methodology: The experiment was conducted using five treatment groups, each group consisting six rats. Group 1 (control) received 1 ml/kg normal saline interperitoneally for 14 days. Group 2 received 1 ml/kg DMSO per oral for14 days. Group 3 received donepezil 3 mg/kg per day for 14 days and DMSO (1 ml/kg p.o.) for 14th day. Group 4 and 5 received a dose of 25 mg /kg of hesperetin (H1) and 50 mg/kg hesperetin (H2) per oral, per day for 14 days, respectively. Hesperetin was dissolved in DMSO to get 25 mg/ml solution. On 14th day, the memory of rats was assessed by Cook's pole climbing apparatus and Morris water maze test. On 15th day, six rats of each group were sacrificed and the isolated brain tissues were subjected for the estimation of biochemical parameters, beta actin blot analysis and histopathological examination. Results: The DMSO treated rats showed significantly enhanced escape latency time (P < 0.0001) acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity (P < 0.0001), lipid peroxidation (P < 0.0001), TNF-α level and decreased reduced glutathione levels (p < 0.001), attenuated beta actin blot density, degradation and inflammation in the hippocampus region as compared to the control group. These parameters were significantly recovered in the rats pretreated with donepezil and hesperetin. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that DMSO induced cognitive dysfunction in rats and hesperetin has potential to improve the cognitive performance against DMSO via reduced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in hippocampus

Effect of Two Different Doses of Intravenous Phenylephrine on the Prevention of Oxytocin Induced Hypotension in Lower Segment Caesarean Section Under Subarachnoid Block: A Randomised Controlled Study

Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage with an atonic uterus is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality during Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) in nearly 50% of cases. Oxytocin is the most commonly administered drug for achieving post-delivery adequate uterine contractions and placenta expulsion, thereby preventing postpartum haemorrhage. Coadministration of phenylephrine during LSCS under spinal anaesthesia inhibits Oxytocin-induced hypotension. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of co-administration of two different doses of phenylephrine with oxytocin in preventing the incidence of Oxytocin-induced hypotension. Materials and Methods: A randomised, double-blinded controlled trial was in the Department of Anaesthesiology, SMS Medical College and Attached Group of Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India from August 2021 to July 2022, involving 120 parturients with American Society of Anaesthelsiologists (ASA) grade second undergoing LSCS under subarachnoid block. They were randomised into three groups: Group A received oxytocin 3U with normal saline, Group B received Oxytocin 3U with Phenylephrine 50 mcg, and Group C received Oxytocin 3U with Phenylephrine 75 mcg administered intravenously over five minutes after the baby’s extraction. The incidence of hypotension, requirement for the total rescue dose of Phenylephrine, and side effects were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test. Results: Demographic parameters such as age, height, weight, gestational age, and duration of surgery were comparable in all groups. The incidence of hypotension (Group A (Control): 77.5%, Group B (PE50): 47.5%, Group C (PE75): 22.5%, p<0.001), lowest Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) after Oxytocin infusion (Group A: 67.80±6.16 mmHg, Group B: 68.23±3.96 mmHg, Group C: 72.50±5.87 mmHg, p<0.001), dose of rescue vasopressor requirements (Group A: 75.5±56.61, Group B: 40±50.89, Group C: 17.50±34.99, p<0.001), and incidence of side effects were significantly lower in Group C compared to Group B and Group A. Conclusion: Compared to Phenylephrine 50 mcg, the coadministration of Phenylephrine 75 mcg with Oxytocin 3U reduces the incidence of Oxytocin-induced hypotension and the need for rescue vasopressors during LSCS under subarachnoid block