Interactions entre Oestrus ovis (Diptera : Oestridae) et Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda : Trichostrongylidae) chez le mouton (exploration des réactions cellulaires éosinophiliques et mastocytaires lors d'infestations expérimentales)

L'étude des interactions entre Oestrus ovis (Diptera : Oestridae) et Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda : Trichostronglidae) chez le mouton a montré qu' O. ovis avait un effet négatif sur l'installation et la reproduction de T. colubriformis. Le nombre de vers installés, leur fécondité et le nombre d'oeufs éliminés dans les matières fécales sont significativement diminués. En revanche, une infestation préalable par T. colubriformis n'a pas d'influence sur une infestation ultérieure par O. ovis. ces parasites provoquent l'arrivée de nombreux mastocytes, globules leucocytes et éosinophiles dans les muqueuses parasitées. L'observation capitale de ce tarvail est la colonisation à distance par ces cellules des muqueuses respiratoires ou digestives qui ne sont pas le siège du parasite. O. ovis induit toujours une éosinophilie sanguine et tissulaire qui sont précoces après l'infestation, mais dès l'élimination des larves elles diminuent rapidement.TOULOUSE-ENSAT-Documentation (315552324) / SudocSudocFranceF

Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health

Study on prevalence of hydatidosis and cyst characterization in camels (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered at Akaki abattoir, Ethiopi

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii

A cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2011 to September 2013 to assess the seroprevalence and identify risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic ruminants of East Hararghe zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Sera of 1360 domestic ruminants were analyzed for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Additionally, the owners were also interviewed using a structured questionnaire to identify the potential risk factors of T. gondii infection. Overall, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in domestic ruminants was 22.2% (302/1360). The seroprevalence in sheep, goats, cattle, and camels was 33.7%, 27.6%, 10.7%, and 14.4%, respectively. District, species, sex, age, and water source were identified as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Increased seropositivity was observed in females (OR = 2.63) and also with the use of pond (OR = 4.25) and pipe (OR = 9.57) water sources in sheep; age >1 year old (OR = 3.45) and with drinking from pond (OR = 6.03) and pipe (OR = 11.61) water sources in goats; with the use of pond (OR = 5.60) and pipe (OR = 10.68) water sources in cattle; and in >4-year-old camels (OR = 2.49). In conclusion, T. gondii infection is common and widespread among the domestic ruminants of the study area, indicating the potential transmission to humans from these animals when they are used as a source of food. Hence, it is crucial to raise awareness of the people about T. gondii infection and conduct further study to explore the impact of the disease on food animal production

Regulation of Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae)populations in previously exposed and naïve sheep

Larvae of Oestrus ovis (Insecta: Diptera: Oestridae) are common parasites of nasal and sinus cavities of sheep and goats. During larval development, a specific immune reaction is initiated by the host with a humoral local and systemic response and the recruitment of eosinophils and mast cells in the upper airways mucosae. Nevertheless, the roles of these responses in the regulation of O. ovis larvae populations in sheep are not yet known. The aim of this study was to compare the establishment and the development of larvae as well as some inflammatory or immune parameters between different groups of half-sibling sheep:(i) a primed group experimentally infected twice before a challenge infection, (ii and iii) two groups infected once only and previously treated with a long-lasting corticoïd before the challenge (one group) or not (the other group). A fourth group of noninfected animals was added in the experimental design. The larval establishment rate was 23% in the corticoïd treated group compared to about 10% in the two other infected groups. Moreover, the larval development appeared more rapid in the corticoïd treated group than in the two other infected groups suggesting that the inflammatory response is involved in the regulation of O. ovis populations. By contrast, no differences in the establishment rates were shown in the primed group compared to the naïve group (without corticoïd treatment) despite evidence of higher eosinophilia, serum specific IgG, and immediate hypersensibility to excretory–secretory products of larvae. The specific lymphocyte proliferation was reduced in the primed group compared to the naïve one suggesting that an immuno-suppression occurs following repetitive O. ovis infections