Surgical treatment of spondylitis and diaphragm relaxation in patient less than 1 year old

Design Case report. Introduction The combination of severe post-infectious kyphosis and diaphragm relaxation is extremely rare in patient early than 1 year old. Its no publications concerning their simultaneous surgical treatment. Case description 7-Month-old girl had simultaneous spinal reconstruction with anterior and posterior instrumentation and plastic of diaphragm because of sequelae of non-granulenatous spondylitis complicated by severe kyphosis (54°) and diaphragm relaxation. Between 1.5 and 3 months of live she had several infections incl. pneumonia, enterocolitis, ENT infection. Anterior fusion was done by titanium mesh with auto-rib, posterior – by compressive rods based on low-profile hooks. The deformity was reduced till 20°. 2.5 years after initial surgery and 1 year after removal of posterior instrumentation the adequate level of diaphragm and minimal (4°) loss of kyphosis correction were identified. Conclusions The combination of spondylitis and diaphragm relaxation in early aged patient could be explained but it could not be confirmed as a sequelae of late-onset neonatal sepsis with a multi-focal lesions. The simultaneous surgery provided on the combined approaches (trans-thoracic and posterior) looks as optimal options in such combination of pathologies. In remains controversial how will the spine develop after so early reconstructive surgery, including in situ stable anterior fusion carried out by titanium mesh with auto-rib

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К РАЗРАБОТКЕ ПРОТИВОТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫХ ВАКЦИН

This review is focused on recent advances in development of new vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis. The main reasons for lack of BCG vaccine efficacy in different populations and geographic regions are presented. Design of new vaccines based on live modified strains of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, attenuated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, recombinant proteins and viral vectors is considered in the specific examples. The usage of the heterologous «prime-boost» vaccination strategy against tuberculosis is discussed. В обзоре освещены современные достижения в области разработки новых вакцин для профилактики туберкулеза. Представлены основные причины недостаточной эффективности вакцины БЦЖ в различных популяциях и географических регионах. На конкретных примерах рассмотрены направления дизайна новых вакцин на основе живых модифицированных штаммов Mycobacterium bovis БЦЖ, аттенуированных штаммов Mycobacterium tuberculosis, рекомбинантных белков и вирусных векторов. Обсуждается перспектива применения схемы гетерологичной «prime-boost» вакцинации против туберкулеза.