Transmission properties of acousto optic material

Laser beam can be modulated by acousto optic modulator using a suitable acousto optic material. UV-VIS Spectrophotometer was utilized to investigate the transmission spectrum of two non linear acousto optic materials that are lithium niobate and fused quartz. From the spectrum it shows that transmittance for fused quartz and lithium niobate were 90% and 68% respectively. The absorption coefficient ? is calculated and plotted versus photon energy. It was found that ? increases linearly with photon energy in the range of 3.50 eV to 4.0 eV for fused quartz and 3.15 eV to 4.0 eV for lithium niobate. The estimated optical energy band gap was 2.97 eV for lithium niobate and 3.69 for fused quartz. From the transmission properties obtained in this study, it can be summarized that fused quartz is a better choice to be an acousto optic material

Laser beam modulation by an acousto optic mode locker

Nazariahmatdaud2006the characterization of beam modulation by acousto-optic mode locker is reported. Hene laser was employed as a source. Acousto-optic mode locker (aoml) was used to convert the continuous beam to become pulsed. Radio frequency signal provided an acoustic source to the aoml. The signal was amplified using a power amplifier. A pulse generator was utilized to regulate the frequency of the signal. The frequency and the power of the amplifier were varied to characterize the modulated beam. The hene laser beam was modulated into a periodic signal. The pulse width of the modulated signal was found to increase linearly with the rf pulse width. The modulated signal intensity was also found to vary linearly with rf drive power_laserbeammodulationbya

Investigation of angular distribution on copper ions using faraday cup technique

A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm delivering pulse energy of 125 mJ and pulse duration of 8 ns was employed as a source of energy to generate plasma. The laser was focused on copper as a target material. The angular distribution of ejected ions species were collected by a developed Faraday cup. The cups were arranged radialy at the range of angles from 5o to 90o with two radiuses of 5 cm and 10 cm. The cups were coupled to high speed oscilloscope to display and measure the ion flux and charge state. The exposed Faraday cup was also studied by metallurgical technique. The results obtained show that the maximum flux of copper ion collected by Faraday cup was 11.7 x 1016 charge /sec. The maximum number of charge state was Cu+4 at 5 cm and Cu+3 at 10 cm. In general the angular distribution of ions flux is maximum in axial direction and decreases in radial direction. Various elements are found deposited on Faraday cup with majority lines of copper cluste

Beam spot of Q-switched ND: YAG laser based on raster graphic

The quality of beam produced by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was investigated. A photographic technique associated with image processing system was utilized to determine the beam quality. The invisible light was detected using burn paper at various operation voltages of flashlamp driver in the range of 450 V to 900 V. The permanent record of the beam spots were made via a scanner and analyze using raster graphic or bitmap from a Matrox Inspector version 2.1 software. The line profile each of the beam spot produced an absorption spectrum. The amplitude of the spectrum indicates the depthness of the hole created after laser interaction with photographic paper. Meanwhile the width shows the beam size as well as the surface roughness. Thus the beam quality is illustrated by the depthness and the flatness of the beam spot. The flatter the surface the more uniform the laser beam distribution and the deeper the hole the more energetic the laser beam interacted with burn paper

Analysing human nails composition by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

This study investigated the elemental composition of pathological and normal nails, according to different age groups and genders. The nail elemental composition was analyzed by using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm with output energy of 100 mJ, pulse duration of 6 ns and repetition rate of 1 Hz was fired to the human nails sample. The laser pulse ablated the target sample surface and produced plasma plume with characteristic spectral line comprising sample’s elemental composition. The plasma emission spectrum of nail samples were captured by fibre optic detection device and spectrometer equipped with ASEQ Spectra Software for elemental analysis. The elements detected in nails were Mg, Al, Ca, P, Ti, K and Na. Classification of nails into different age groups and genders demonstrate efficient results if compared with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). The results indicate that Ca, Al, Ti, P and K composition were higher among female. However, Mg and Na were higher among male. The results also show that Ca and K element decline as the age increase in both genders. The pathological nails’ elemental compositions were also noticeably related to the nail disorder condition itself. It is proven that LIBS could be a possible method for analyzing the nails and identification of various nail disorders

An investigation on the management on the night market activity / Mohamad Zaid Mat Daud @ Yaacob

Night market in Malaysia had been glamour destination among locals because it provides shopping alternative thing such as food, household requirement and other various clothing. The night market frequently reflected certain aspects of the Malaysian unique culture, especially local food, their people, the eating habits as well as the multiple of the population. The night market utilizes the concept of open space market place to night market activities. The local authority will provide stalls to traders, and traders will set up tents, tools, tables and other equipment to display and prepare their own products to buyers. In the dissertation it will discuss more about management in night market activities where these activities are carried out in the surrounding of the buildings or residential area. Beside that in this dissertation it will found usually problem occur in the management of night market activities. This dissertation finally comes out with rationale conclusion and recommendations were suitable to be implementing on night market activities to overcome the problem that there facing

Study of dynamics of glass plasma induced by Nd:YAG laser in external magnetic field

A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 8 ns) is focused on glass target to generate plasma in the presence of external magnetic field in air. The variable transverse magnetic field is applied by an assembly of electromagnetic poles to create uniform magnetic field in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 T. In the absence of external magnetic field the plasma plume expands almost spherical, perpendicular to the target surface. In the presence of transverse external magnetic field there is an increase in radial expansion and plume confines in a certain region within magnetic field. The dynamics of glass plasma is investigated by capturing plume images by charged-coupled device CCD video camera. The images are captured for different values of applied magnetic field strength. The irradiated glass material is collected on aluminum substrate and surface morphology is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Spectroscopic estimation of electron temperature and density of zinc plasma open air induced by Nd:YAG laser

The spectroscopic emission of zinc plasma along with CCD imaging profile has been studied. The zinc target has been irradiated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 290 mJ, 10 ns, 29 MW) in air at atmospheric pressure. The plasma emission is recorded with 100 ns integration time. Boltzmann plot method and Stark broadening profile of the transition line has been used to estimate the electron temperature (Te) and electron density (Ne) respectively. Estimated values of Te and Ne is in the range of (5700–6756) K and (1.6 × 1015-3.39 × 1015) cm-3 at three laser shots respectively

Diagnose and investigation of angular distribution of copper plasma ions

A q-switched nd:yag laser with fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm delivering pulse energy of 125 mj and pulse duration of 8 ns was employed as a source of energy to generate plasma. The laser was focused on copper as a target material. The angular distribution of ejected ions species were collected by a developed faraday cup. The cups were arranged radialy at the range of angles from 5o to 90o with two radiuses of 5 cm and 10 cm. The cups were coupled to high speed oscilloscope to display and measure the ion flux and charge state. The exposed faraday cup was also studied by metallurgical technique. The results obtained show that the maximum flux of copper ion collected by faraday cup was 11.7 x 1016 charge /sec. The maximum number of charge state was cu+4 at 5 cm and cu+3 at 10 cm. In general the angular distribution of ions flux is maximum in axial direction and decreases in radial direction. The temperature and density of copper is measured with electronic probe. Various elements are found deposited on faraday cup with majority lines of copper cluste

High voltage boost converter for capacitor charging power supply

One of the essential parts in flash lamp pumped solid-state pulse laser is its Capacitor Charging Power Supply (CCPS). The aim of this project is to develop dc-dc converter or power supply for charging the capacitor. In this attempt, switch mode power supply technique adopted dc-dc boost converter was employed. The converter used 12 V dc power supply as an input voltage and serial of three capacitors with capacitance of 470 ?F and voltage rated of 450 V. The results obtained indicate that the developed converter was able to charge capacitor banks within 10 s and capable to convert variable output voltage in the range of 300-1000 V