Oxidative and antioxidant changes in blood of young people with premature coronary artery disease and abdominal obesity

Aim. To study the oxidative and antioxidant blood profile in young people with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and abdominal obesity (AO).Material and methods. The study included 169 people. The main group consisted of 47 patients diagnosed with premature (<45 years of age) CAD, while 22 of them with AO and 25 without AO. The control group included 122 people without CAD, comparable with the main group in sex, age and body mass index. Among them, there are 67 people with AO and 55 people without AO. In all examined patients, the blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MDA-modified oxidized high-density lipoprotein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1, and whole blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Statistical processing was carried out in the SPSS 13.0 program.Results. The blood TAC was 2,3 times lower in persons with CAD than in those without CAD, and amounted to 1,58 mmol of trolox. The blood level of SOD in patients with CAD was 1,16 times higher than in the group of people without CAD. The relative odds of premature CAD were associated with decreased TAC (B=-2,855; Exp(B)=0,058; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0,008-0,392; p=0,004) and increased level of SOD (B=0,105; Exp(B)=1,076; 95% CI, 1,031-1,196; p=0,006), regardless of sex, age, risk factors. Conclusion. Thus, an increased SOD and reduced TAC can be potential biomarkers for premature CAD in people under 45 years of age

Calcification markers and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting

Aim. To assess the long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and their association with calcification biomarkers.Material and methods. The study included 129 men (mean age, 61,5±7,5 years) with coronary atherosclerosis who were admitted for CABG surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups: with favorable and unfavorable (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, surgery) 5-year prognosis after surgery. Before the surgery, the blood concentrations of calcification biomarkers (osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, osteonectin and osteocalcin) were determined in all patients.Results. Long-term outcomes of myocardial revascularization were studied in 92 patients (71%). An unfavorable long-term 5-year period was identified in 28 men (30,4%). In men with an unfavorable 5-year prognosis, the blood osteocalcin level before CABG was 1,2 times higher than in men with a favorable one. Multivariate linear regression showed that the risk of a 5-year unfavorable prognosis for coronary atherosclerosis after myocardial revascularization was associated with the blood osteocalcin concentration, determined before CABG (B=0,018, R2=0,285, p=0,008).Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the relevance of continuing studies on osteocalcin, including with respect to its contribution to coronary atherosclerosis and calcification

NEW ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PROTEIN TISSUE-SPECIFIC MARKERS IN THE ESTIMATION OF SEVERITY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

The purpose of the study was to assess the associations of proteins of pulmonary surfactants A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) with the severity of community-acquired pneumonia. Material and methods. A survey of 188 patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The average age of the examined patients was 54.3 ± 16.5 years (M ± SD). In 102 patients (54.3 %) severe CAP was verified. All patients underwent clinical, functional, diagnostic and laboratory studies. Results and discussion. It was determined that SP-A and SP-D content was significantly higher in patients with severe CAP compared to patients with a mild course of this disease. The direct association of severe CAP with an elevated SP-AP level, directly associated with an increase in the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, have been confirmed in early studies. Using partial correlation analysis, it was established that the severe course of CAP is directly related to SP-A (r = 0.221; p = 0.003) and SP-D content (r = 0.262; p < 0.001) regardless of age, smoking, and body weight. Thus, direct associations of SP-A and SP-D with a severe course of CAP reflect the high pathogenetic significance of these protective factors in infectious lung damage

Association of blood resistin levels and the main components of metabolic syndrome among oilmen in Western Siberia

The purpose of this research is to examine resistin levels in blood serum and frequency of the main components of metabolic syndrome among oilmen working in shifts in Western Siberia. The research design is cross-sectional study. The research object is 125 men working in the oil industry in Western Siberia at the age of 30–45 (mean age is 35.3±3.5). Examination methods are anthropometry, measurement of blood pressure, electrocardiogram and determination of total cholesterol, glucose and resistin in blood plasma. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software package. 73.6 % of the examined men had certain components of metabolic syndrome: abdominal obesity (32.8 %), hypertension (23.2 %), hypercholesterolemia (59.2 %). The combination of these features was observed in 52.17 % of cases. 43.2 % of oilmen had overweight, 36.0 % – high normal blood pressure. Resistin concentrations in plasma fluctuated within 2.75–25.52 ng/ml (mean value is 4.85 ± 2.06 ng/ml). Evaluating an extent of interrelation on the Cheddock scale, statistically significant p < 0.05 dependence of resistin concentration in plasma and blood pressure level was revealed: in case of systolic blood pressure the dependence was reverse and noticeable; it is direct and high in the event of diastolic blood pressure. Association with BMI was direct and noticeable

Smoking and its association with socio-economic and cardiometabolic risk factors in the population 25–45 years of Novosibirsk. the problem of female smoking (2013–2014)

The article presents the results of population-based study of a representative sample of the population of one of the districts of Novosibirsk, conducted in 2013–2014. A total of 749 people of both sexes (43 % men) aged 25–45 years were examined. The response rate was 38 %. The program included a survey questionnaire on smoking and socio-economic factors (education, marital status, employment). Measurement of blood pressure, anthropometric parameters, serum cotinine, total cholesterol and its fractions, blood glucose were conducted. The high prevalence of smoking among men (46 %) and women (24 %) revealed. Associations of smoking with cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypo-HDL-C were received. On the subsample (273 people) using the verification of the questionnaire on smoking by serum cotinine 4–6 % false answers were found. Marked increasing in female smoking and decreasing in male smoking in the past 20 years in Novosibirsk were revealed

EFFECT OF CYTOPROTECTION ON THE OXIDATIVE PROCESSES AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Aim. To investigate the effects of cytoprotection with mildronate (Grindex, Latvia) on oxidative processes and endothelial function in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Material and methods. 117 elderly (upwards 60 y.o.) patients with IHD were included into controlled study. They were also suffering from heart failure II-III functional class (according to NYHA classification) and from arterial hypertension (AH). All patients were randomized into 2 groups: 1) 67 patients (75,4±0,5 y. o.) were treated with mildronate 500 mg/day simultaneously with basic therapy during 12 weeks (the main group) and 2) 50 patients (74,0±0,6 y. o.) were treated only with basic therapy during 12 weeks (the compare group). Total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein CH (HDL), LDL antioxidant potential (concentration of α-tocopherol and retinol in LDL), initial level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in LDL, LDL resistance to oxidation and blood level of NO metabolites were determined before and after 4 and 12 weeks of the therapy. Results. Mildronate did not have any effect on the blood lipid profile in elderly patients with IHD. The initial level of LPO products in LDL was decreased by 33% and LDL resistance to oxidation was increased by 26% in the main group after 12 weeks of therapy in comparison with the same parameters before the study and in comparison with control group of patients (p&lt;0,05). The blood level of NO metabolites was 1,4 fold higher in the main group of patients after 12 weeks of therapy in comparison with the same parameters before therapy and in comparison with control group of patients (p&lt;0,05). More prominent growth of LDL resistance to oxidation after 12 week therapy with mildronate was revealed in men than in women, in patients with angina II class than in patients with angina III class, in patients with heart failure II class than in patients with heart failure III class. Conclusion. Some antiatherogenic effects of mildronate are observed in elderly patients with IHD. These are the decrease in LPO activity in LDL and the increase in synthesis of NO

Association hindiii polymorphism LPL with the formation of lipid profile serum

Background and aims: we have analyzed the frequencies of HindIII polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) and lipid profile in Caucasian population of West Siberia and the groups this high and low total cholesterol (TC) level. Material and methods: The patients included in the analyses were selected based on TC level from population sample surveyed in frame of HAPIEE project (9360 participants, aged 45–69, men 50 %). Totally 259 patients with highest TC level (>300 mg/dl) and 228 patients with lowest TC level (< 200 mg/dl) and 170 randomly selected patients (mean TC level – 235.8 ± 43.9 mg/dl) were included. The differences of TC level between groups are significant. The plasma lipid levels were determined by standard enzymatic assays. The subfractional profile of LDL was determined by method of electrophoresis. The HindIII polymorphism (22125T/G) of LPL gene was analyzed by RELF-PCR. Results: Frequencies of H+H+, H+H- and H-H- genotypes were 61 %, 35 % and 4 % in population. The frequency of H- allele was 0.22, 0.28 and 0.29 in HAPIEE population, low and highest TC level groups, respectively (p > 0.05). We have found the association of HindIII polymorphism of LPL gene with TG level in HAPIEE population (p = 0.002). We have found the association of polymorphism HindIII of gene LPL with minor peak on a descending curve of the subfractional profile LDL (p = 0.02). Depression of activity LPL leads to depression of formation of the fine dense particles rich of cholesterol and the maintenance of the particles rich of triglyceride that can lead to development combined hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: The Caucasian population of West Siberia is not significantly differs from populations of Europe by frequencies of alleles and genotypes. The genotype H+H+ of HindIII polymorphism of LPL gene has been associated with high TG level. The polymorphism HindIII of gene LPL has been associated with the subfractional profile LDL