PCT, spin and statistics, and analytic wave front set

A new, more general derivation of the spin-statistics and PCT theorems is presented. It uses the notion of the analytic wave front set of (ultra)distributions and, in contrast to the usual approach, covers nonlocal quantum fields. The fields are defined as generalized functions with test functions of compact support in momentum space. The vacuum expectation values are thereby admitted to be arbitrarily singular in their space-time dependence. The local commutativity condition is replaced by an asymptotic commutativity condition, which develops generalizations of the microcausality axiom previously proposed.Comment: LaTeX, 23 pages, no figures. This version is identical to the original published paper, but with corrected typos and slight improvements in the exposition. The proof of Theorem 5 stated in the paper has been published in J. Math. Phys. 45 (2004) 1944-195

Towards a Generalized Distribution Formalism for Gauge Quantum Fields

We prove that the distributions defined on the Gelfand-Shilov spaces, and hence more singular than hyperfunctions, retain the angular localizability property. Specifically, they have uniquely determined support cones. This result enables one to develop a distribution-theoretic techniques suitable for the consistent treatment of quantum fields with arbitrarily singular ultraviolet and infrared behavior. The proofs covering the most general case are based on the use of the theory of plurisubharmonic functions and Hormander's estimates.Comment: 12 p., Department of Theoretical Physics, P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky prosp. 53, Moscow 117924, Russi

Non-Localizability and Asymptotic Commutativity

The mathematical formalism commonly used in treating nonlocal highly singular interactions is revised. The notion of support cone is introduced which replaces that of support for nonlocalizable distributions. Such support cones are proven to exist for distributions defined on the Gelfand-Shilov spaces $S^\beta$, where $0<\beta <1$ . This result leads to a refinement of previous generalizations of the local commutativity condition to nonlocal quantum fields. For string propagators, a new derivation of a representation similar to that of K\"{a}llen-Lehmann is proposed. It is applicable to any initial and final string configurations and manifests exponential growth of spectral densities intrinsic in nonlocalizable theories.Comment: This version is identical to the initial one whose ps and pdf files were unavailable, with few corrections of misprint

Population of isomers in decay of the giant dipole resonance

The value of an isomeric ratio (IR) in N=81 isotones ($^{137}$Ba, $^{139}$Ce, $^{141}$Nd and $^{143}$Sm) is studied by means of the ($\gamma, n)$ reaction. This quantity measures a probability to populate the isomeric state in respect to the ground state population. In ($\gamma, n)$ reactions, the giant dipole resonance (GDR) is excited and after its decay by a neutron emission, the nucleus has an excitation energy of a few MeV. The forthcoming $\gamma$ decay by direct or cascade transitions deexcites the nucleus into an isomeric or ground state. It has been observed experimentally that the IR for $^{137}$Ba and $^{139}$Ce equals about 0.13 while in two heavier isotones it is even less than half the size. To explain this effect, the structure of the excited states in the energy region up to 6.5 MeV has been calculated within the Quasiparticle Phonon Model. Many states are found connected to the ground and isomeric states by $E1$, $E2$ and $M1$ transitions. The single-particle component of the wave function is responsible for the large values of the transitions. The calculated value of the isomeric ratio is in very good agreement with the experimental data for all isotones. A slightly different value of maximum energy with which the nuclei rest after neutron decay of the GDR is responsible for the reported effect of the A-dependence of the IR.Comment: 16 pages, 4 Fig

Использование контрастного усиления при ультразвуковом исследовании простых и сложных кист почек

In developed countries, the main methods of research and dynamic monitoring of cystic kidney formations are CT and MRI, but their use is impossible in patients with severe concomitant diseases, as well as in the presence of metal structures, pacemakers, etc. Additionally, taking into account the high dose of radiation exposure when using CT obtained by the patient during dynamic observation, the development of alternative methods is relevant. These include, but not limited to, ultrasound using contrast enhancement, which can be used as an alternative or additional method in primary diagnosis or in the dynamic observation of cystic kidney formations. In the article, the authors provide their own experience with the use of an ultrasound contrast medium for the diagnosis and dynamic observation of complex kidney cysts, as well as the introduction of ultrasound observation using a contrast medium to classify patients according to Bosniak M.A.The study included the results of the use of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in 28 patients with various cystic formations of the kidneys. The patients were previously divided into two groups: the first consisted of 13 patients with simple cysts, the second – 15 with suspected complex cysts. As a result of the study, the patients were distributed as follows: 15 patients were classified as Bosniak type I, 7 patients – as type II, 3 - type III, 3 - type IV. The studied CEUS method is simple and effective. The specificity of the method was 78.57%, the accuracy of the method was 85.71%, the predictive value of the positive result was 81.25%, and the predictive value of the negative result was 91.66%. CEUS helps to quickly and accurately conduct differential diagnosis between a simple cyst and a complex one, as well as classify cysts according to M.A. Bosniak.В развитых странах основными методами исследования и динамического наблюдения за кистозными образованиями почек являются КТ и МРТ, однако их применение невозможно у пациентов с тяжелыми сопутствующими заболеваниями, а также при наличии в организме металлоконструкций, кардиостимуляторов и т.д. Дополнительно принимая во внимание высокую дозу лучевой нагрузки при использовании КТ, получаемой пациентом при динамическом наблюдении, является актуальной разработка альтернативных методик. К относится ультразвуковое исследование с применением контрастного усиления (КУУЗИ), которое может использоваться как альтернативный или дополнительный метод в первичной диагностике или в динамическом наблюдении кистозных образований почек. В статье авторы приводят собственный опыт применения при ультразвуковом исследовании контрастного препарата для диагностики и динамического наблюдения сложных кист почек, а также внедрения этой технологии для распределения пациентов по классификации M.A. Bosniak.В основу исследования вошли результаты применения КУУЗИ у 28 пациентов с различными кистозными образованиями почек. Предварительно пациенты были разделены на две группы: первую составили 13 пациентов с простыми кистами, вторую – 15 пациентов с подозрением на сложные кисты. В результате исследования было получено следующее распределение пациентов по М.А. Bosniak: 15 отнесены к I категории, 7 – ко II, 3 – к III, 3 – к IV. Исследуемый метод КУУЗИ отличается простотой и эффективностью. Специфичность метода составила 78,57%, точность метода – 85,71%, прогностичность положительного результата – 81,25%, прогностичность отрицательного результата – 91,66%. КУУЗИ помогает быстро и качественно провести дифференциальную диагностику между простой кистой и сложной, а также классифицировать кисты по M.A. Bosniak

The ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 3.0

This is the ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 3.0, 11 September 200

The ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 2.0

This is the ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 2.0, 31 July 200

The ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 1.0

This is a reference document giving the ATLAS Trigger/DAQ author list, version 1.0 of 20 Nov 2008

The ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 3.1

This is the ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 3.1, 17 September 200