New diterpenoid alkaloids from <i>Delphinium pachycentrum</i> Hemsl

Six diterpenoid alkaloids, namely, pachycentine (1), deacetylswinanine A (2), siwanine A (3), tatsiensine (4), deacetyltatsiensine (5), and 6-deoxydeltamine (6), were isolated from a China-specific Delphinium plant (family Ranunculaceae), Delphinium pachycentrum Hemsl. Their structures were established via detailed spectroscopic analyses, including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Pachycentine (1) is a previously undescribed hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloid, and compounds 5 and 6 were synthetic intermediates newly identified as natural products. In addition, compounds 2–4 were isolated from this species for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of all the isolates was summarized. Moreover, the new compound was evaluated for its potential anti-inflammatory effect using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.</p

Regions activated by a contrast of Attend CS+ versus Regulate CS+ and vice versa (p<0.001).

<p>Regions activated by a contrast of Attend CS+ versus Regulate CS+ and vice versa (p<0.001).</p

BOLD signals in the right dACC.

<p>(A) Activation of the right dACC reflected by the contrast between Regulate CS+ and Attend CS+ trials (cognitive reappraisal effects). (B) Mean beta weights from the right dACC showed an interaction of type of instruction and type of CS. (C) Craving significantly correlated with the differential dACC response to the Attend CS+ trials compared with the Regulate CS+ trials (r = −0.92, p<0.01; Fig. 2C). Craving scores during the cognitive strategies were calculated by subtracting the craving during Regulate CS+ trials from craving during Attend CS+ trials for each participant.</p