Arrangement for K2∗K_2^* meson family

Two observed structures with $M=1868 \pm 8^{+ 40}_{- 57}$ MeV and $M=2073 \pm 94^{+ 245}_{- 240}$ MeV are the same states ($K_2^*(1980)$) in PDG.The analysis of the mass spectrum and the calculation of the strong decay of $K_2^*$ mesons support the low mass state of $K_2^*(1980)$ as $2^3P_2$ and the high mass state of $K_2^*(1980)$ as $1^3F_2$ in this letter. This analysis brings us very important criterion for the assignment of the observed $K_2^* (1980)$ and experimental findings for this assignment is suggested. Additionally, prediction of some partial decay widths are made on the high excitations of $K_2^*$ family. This study is crucial to establishing and searching for their higher excitations in the future.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1810.0269

QQˉ{Q} \bar{Q} (Q∈{b,c})({Q}\in{\{b,c}\}) spectroscopy using the modified Rovibrational model

Mass spectra of quarkonium systems can be described by different phenomenological potentials. In the present work, the {\color{black}resonance} states of heavy quarkonium like ($c\bar{c}$ and $b\bar{b}$) are considered as the rovibrational states. We study a parameterized rovibrational model derived from the empirical solution of the nonrelativistic Schr\"{o}dinger equation with Morse potential, the corrections are composed of colour hyperfine interaction and spin-orbit interaction of mesons. We {\color{black}obtain} the high excited state mass spectra of charmonium and bottomonium comparing the results in reasonable agreement with the present experimental data.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Does smartphone patent enhance or detract the information society?

Functionality, simplicity, appearance, and the price are the influencing factors when consumers are choosing a phone. Thus, smartphone companies seek intellectual property protection to prevent others from replicating their creations as a way to maintain their competitiveness. Nonetheless, intellectual property rights, especially patent, have become a means to create hurdles to competitors in smartphone markets like telecommunication, handset functions and operating systems. This is due to the nature of a patent, which awards patentees with exclusivity and allows them to exclude competitors from accessing their patent. It gives right holders a chance to dominate the given markets and it is one of the main factors that constitute monopoly. Patents can lead to the dominance of the market by a single company and they can also be utilised by non-practicing entities for profit-making purposes. They may refuse licensing competitors/inventors to use essential techniques or threaten patent litigation and demand extortionate fees; competitors/inventors would have to design around to research for advanced products. If the patent is essential as a standard, their products may be eliminated in the competitive market. Apart from hindering innovation, such patent holders may also impact the price of products.In the light of this, this study focuses on the problem in smartphone industry. The US and EU competition cases and policies are analysed for identifying the problems in the smartphone industry and investigating the balance between patent protection and the competitive market. It should be possible to ensure benign competition in the smartphone industry so that, rather than using patents to strangle innovation, patents and competition law will work together in a way that responds to the needs of the information society. Hence, more advanced technology could be introduced to society, at a reasonable cost, which would boost the economic development of innovative industries

Topological Magnetoelectric Effect as Probed by Nanoshell Plasmonic Modes

Axion electrodynamics is applied to study the response of a plasmonic nanoshell with a core made of topological insulator (TI) materials. The electric polarizability of such a system is calculated in the long wavelength limit via the introduction of two scalar potentials satisfying the various appropriate boundary conditions. Our focus is on the topological magneto-electric effect (TME) as manifested in the coupled plasmonic resonances of the nanoshell. It is found that for a TI with broken time-reversal symmetry, such TME will lead to observable red-shifts in the coupled plasmonic modes, with more significant manifestation of such shifts for the bonding modes of a metallic nanoshell. It is speculated that such universal red-shift could be a manifestation of the fundamental dual symmetry as generalized for axion electrodynamics

Molecular phylogeny of the Drosophila obscura species group, with emphasis on the Old World species

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Species of the <it>Drosophila obscura </it>species group (e.g., <it>D. pseudoobscura</it>, <it>D. subobscura</it>) have served as favorable models in evolutionary studies since the 1930's. Despite numbers of studies conducted with varied types of data, the basal phylogeny in this group is still controversial, presumably owing to not only the hypothetical 'rapid radiation' history of this group, but also limited taxon sampling from the Old World (esp. the Oriental and Afrotropical regions). Here we reconstruct the phylogeny of this group by using sequence data from 6 loci of 21 species (including 16 Old World ones) covering all the 6 subgroups of this group, estimate the divergence times among lineages, and statistically test the 'rapid radiation' hypothesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Phylogenetic analyses indicate that each of the <it>subobscura</it>, <it>sinobscura</it>, <it>affinis</it>, and <it>pseudoobscura </it>subgroups is monophyletic. The <it>subobscura </it>and <it>microlabis </it>subgroups form the basal clade in the <it>obscura </it>group. Partial species of the <it>obscura </it>subgroup (the <it>D. ambigua</it>/<it>D. obscura</it>/<it>D. tristis </it>triad plus the <it>D. subsilvestris</it>/<it>D. dianensis </it>pair) forms a monophyletic group which appears to be most closely related to the <it>sinobscura </it>subgroup. The remaining basal relationships in the <it>obscura </it>group are not resolved by the present study. Divergence times on a ML tree based on mtDNA data are estimated with a calibration of 30–35 Mya for the divergence between the <it>obscura </it>and <it>melanogaster </it>groups. The result suggests that at least half of the current major lineages of the <it>obscura </it>group originated by the mid-Miocene time (~15 Mya), a time of the last developing and fragmentation of the temperate forest in North Hemisphere.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The <it>obscura </it>group began to diversify rapidly before invading into the New World. The <it>subobscura </it>and <it>microlabis </it>subgroups form the basal clade in this group. The <it>obscura </it>subgroup is paraphyletic. Partial members of this subgroup (<it>D. ambigua</it>, <it>D. obscura</it>, <it>D. tristis</it>, <it>D. subsilvestris</it>, and <it>D. dianensis</it>) form a monophyletic group which appears to be most closely related to the <it>sinobscura </it>subgroup.</p

Optofluidic ultrahigh-throughput detection of fluorescent drops

This paper describes an optofluidic droplet interrogation device capable of counting fluorescent drops at a throughput of 254000 drops per second. To our knowledge, this rate is the highest interrogation rate published thus far. Our device consists of 16 parallel microfluidic channels bonded directly to a filter-coated two-dimensional Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor array. Fluorescence signals emitted from the drops are collected by the sensor that forms the bottom of the channel. The proximity of the drops to the sensor facilitates efficient collection of fluorescence emission from the drops, and overcomes the trade-off between light collection efficiency and field of view in conventional microscopy. The interrogation rate of our device is currently limited by the acquisition speed of CMOS sensor, and is expected to increase further as high-speed sensors become increasingly available

Garnierite mineralization from a serpentinite-derived lateritic regolith, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia: Mineralogy, geochemistry and link to hydrologic flow regime

Garnierite represents a significant nickel ore in many lateritic Ni deposits worldwide. To gain a better understanding of its nature and origin, a well-developed garnierite-hosting transect from the Kolonodale area of East Sulawesi, Indonesia, has been investigated using field geology, mineralogy and geochemical data. Garnierite occurs mainly in veins in the lower saprolite of a serpentinite-derived regolith. Mineralogically, it can be determined as an intimate mixture of Ni-rich serpentine-like (lizardite-Nepouite) and talc-like (kerolite-pimelite) phases. Results of EMP analyses indicate that Ni is preferentially enriched in the talc-like phases rather than the serpentine-like phases. A sequential precipitation of mineral phases progressively enriched in Ni and Si to form garnierite during weathering is suggested. The Ni-lizardite (2.63-8.49 wt% Ni) with elevated Fe (4.02-6.44 wt %) may have been inherited from saprolite in a first instance and enriched in Ni by cation exchange processes. Newly precipitated minerals are kerolite-pimelite (7.84-23.54 wt% Ni) and then followed by Ni-free quartz. Minor amount of Nepouite (23.47-28.51 wt% Ni) occur in laths along shrinkage cracks of previously formed minerals, indicating a late stage paragenetic sequence. With emphasis on a hydrologic consideration, indicators of a preferential flow regime are identified in the garnierite-hosting regolith, including: (i) non-uniform pattern of the garnierite field occurrence, (ii) syn-weathering active nature of the garnierite-hosting structures, (iii) close relationship between the garnierite occurrence and vertical FeeMn oxides pipes as well as FeeMn oxides patched areas, and (iv) specific physico-chemical property of the garnierite location with higher organic matter concentrations but lower pH values compared to surroundings. It is proposed that the origin of garnierite is closely linked to a preferential flow of oversaturated solutions through accessible conduits in the regolith. Garnierite features as colloidal nature, high organic matter and low pH are key-parameters in metal transport and deposition

The d* dibaryon in the extended quark-delocalization, color-screening model

The quark-delocalization, color-screening model, extended by inclusion of a one-pion-exchange (OPE) tail, is applied to the study of the deuteron and the d* dibaryon. The results show that the properties of the deuteron (an extended object) are well reproduced, greatly improving the agreement with experimental data as compared to our previous study (without OPE). At the same time, the mass and decay width of the d* (a compact object) are, as expected, not altered significantly.Comment: 9 pages, no figures, LaTeX, subm. to Phys. Rev.