Sequencing the genome of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

The International Collaboration to Sequence the Atlantic Salmon Genome (ICSASG) will produce a genome sequence that identifies and physically maps all genes in the Atlantic salmon genome and acts as a reference sequence for other salmonids

Effect of a previous acute angle closure attack on the corneal endothelial cell density in chronic angle closure glaucoma patients

PURPOSE: To document the effect of a previous acute angle closure attack on the corneal endothelial cell density in chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) patients. METHODS: Consecutive cases of CACG with patent peripheral iridotomy had their central corneal endothelial cell density measured by specular microscopy. The corneal endothelial cell density of those CACG eyes with a previous documented acute angle closure attack were compared with those eyes without such a history, to determine the effect of a previous acute angle closure attack on corneal endothelial cell density. RESULTS: From July 2003 to July 2005, a total of 52 CACG eyes of 52 patients fulfilling the study criteria were recruited. Thirteen eyes (25%) had a previous documented acute angle closure attack, whereas 39 eyes (75%) did not. The mean central corneal endothelial cell density ±1 standard deviation was 2271.7±312.9 (range, 1556 to 2661) cells/mm in those CACG eyes with previous acute angle closure, and 2570.0±429.9 (range, 1669 to 3861) cells/mm in those CACG eyes without previous acute angle closure (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A previous acute angle closure attack correlates with a significantly reduced corneal endothelial cell density in CACG patients. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Effects of phacoemulsification versus combined phaco-trabeculectomy on drainage angle status in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)

PURPOSE: To document anatomic effects of phacoemulsification versus combined phaco-trabeculectomy on drainage angle in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS: Indentation gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed preoperatively, and then at 1 year after phacoemulsification alone or combined phaco-trabeculectomy in PACG patients. RESULTS: Seventy-two PACG eyes of 72 patients were included in this study. Thirty-eight eyes were randomized into receiving phacoemulsification alone, whereas 34 eyes had combined phaco-trabeculectomy. The mean extent of synechial angle closure was significantly reduced from 266.4° to 198.9° (P<0.001) by phacoemulsification alone, and from 266.0° to 227.2° (P=0.03) by combined surgery. The mean angle opening distance (AOD 500) measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy was significantly increased from 208.0 to 468.0 μm (P<0.001) by phacoemulsification, and from 214.6 to 344.4 μm (P<0.001) by combined surgery. The mean trabecular-ciliary process distance was significantly increased from 824.6 to 1043.6 μm (P<0.001) by phacoemulsification, and from 800.9 to 951.5 μm (P=0.01) by combined surgery. The mean anterior chamber depth was significantly increased from 1798.6 to 3528.4 μm (P<0.001) by phacoemulsification alone, and from 1781.6 to 3297.8 μm (P<0.001) by combined surgery. Phacoemulsification alone resulted in significantly greater postoperative angle opening distance 500 (P<0.001) and anterior chamber depth (P<0.001) than phaco-trabeculectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification alone resulted in greater opening of drainage angle and greater deepening of anterior chamber than combined phaco-trabeculectomy in PACG eyes. SYNOPSIS: Phacoemulsification alone resulted in greater opening of drainage angle and greater deepening of anterior chamber than combined phaco-trabeculectomy in PACG eyes. © 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in eyes with cystoid macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion

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Phacoemulsification versus Combined Phacotrabeculectomy in Medically Uncontrolled Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma with Cataracts

Objective: To compare phacoemulsification alone versus combined phacotrabeculectomy in medically uncontrolled chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) with coexisting cataract. Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial. Participants: Fifty-one medically uncontrolled CACG eyes with coexisting cataract of 51 patients. Intervention: Recruited patients were randomized into group 1 (phacoemulsification alone) or group 2 (combined phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C). Postoperatively, patients were reviewed every 3 months for 2 years. Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure (IOP) and requirement for topical glaucoma drugs. Results: Twenty-seven CACG eyes were randomized into group 1, and 24 CACG eyes were randomized into group 2. Combined phacotrabeculectomy resulted in lower mean postoperative IOP than phacoemulsification alone at 3 months (14.0 vs. 17.0 mmHg, P = 0.01), 15 months (13.2 vs. 15.4 mmHg, P = 0.02), and 18 months (13.6 vs. 15.9 mmHg, P = 0.01). Combined phacotrabeculectomy resulted in 1.25 fewer topical glaucoma drugs (P<0.001) in the 24-month postoperative period, compared with phacoemulsification alone. Combined surgery was associated with more postoperative complications (P<0.001) and more progression of optic neuropathy (P = 0.03), compared with phacoemulsification alone. Conclusions: Combined phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C is more effective than phacoemulsification alone in controlling IOP in medically uncontrolled CACG eyes with coexisting cataract. Combined phacotrabeculectomy is associated with more postoperative complications. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. © 2009 American Academy of Ophthalmology.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Phacoemulsification vs phacotrabeculectomy in chronic angle-closure glaucoma with cataract complications

Objective: To compare the complications of phacoemulsification alone vs combined phacotrabeculectomy in chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) with coexisting cataract. Methods: Patients with CACG with coexisting cataract recruited into 2 randomized controlled trials comparing phacoemulsification alone vs combined phacotrabeculectomy were pooled for analysis. The first trial recruited patients with medically controlled intraocular pressure, while the second trial recruited patients with medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure. The 2 trials had otherwise identical study designs. All patients were reviewed every 3 months for 2 years after surgery. The main outcome measure was the surgical complications of phacoemulsification alone vs combined phacotrabeculectomy in CACG eyes with cataract. Results: One hundred twenty-three CACG eyes with cataract from 123 patients were included. Sixty-two CACG eyes were randomized to receive phacoemulsification alone, and 61 eyes had combined phacotrabeculectomy. In the phacoemulsification group, 5 of the 62 CACG eyes (8.1%) had a total of 5 surgical complications. In the combined phacotrabeculectomy group, 16 of the 61 CACG eyes (26.2%) had a total of 19 surgical complications. The difference in the proportion of eyes with 1 or more surgical complications between the 2 treatment groups was statistically significant (P=.007, Pearson χ2 test). There was no statistically significant difference in final visual acuity or glaucomatous progression during the 24-month follow-up. Conclusions: Combined phacotrabeculectomy resulted in significantly more surgical complications than phacoemulsification alone in CACG eyes with coexisting cataract. There was no difference in visual acuity or disease progression between the 2 treatment groups. ©2010 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Phacoemulsification Versus Combined Phacotrabeculectomy in Medically Controlled Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma with Cataract

Objective: To compare phacoemulsification alone versus combined phacotrabeculectomy in medically controlled chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG) with coexisting cataract. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Participants: Seventy-two medically controlled CACG eyes with coexisting cataract. Intervention: Recruited patients were randomized into group 1 (phacoemulsification alone) or group 2 (combined phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C). Postoperatively, patients were reviewed every 3 months for 2 years. Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure (IOP) and requirement for topical glaucoma drugs. Results: Thirty-five CACG eyes were randomized into group 1, and 37 CACG eyes were randomized into group 2. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in mean IOP between the 2 treatment groups preoperatively and postoperatively, except at 1 month (P = 0.001) and 3 months (P = 0.008). Combined phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C resulted in 0.80 less topical glaucoma drugs (P<0.001) in the 24-month postoperative period compared with phacoemulsification alone. The differences in IOP control were, however, not associated with differences in glaucomatous progression. Combined surgery was associated with more postoperative (P<0.001) complications compared with phacoemulsification alone. Conclusions: Combined phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C may be marginally more effective than phacoemulsification alone in controlling IOP in medically controlled CACG eyes with coexisting cataract. Combined surgery may be associated with more complications and additional surgery in the postoperative period. Further study is needed to determine whether the marginally better IOP control of combined surgery justifies the potential additional risks of complications and further surgery. Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. © 2008 American Academy of Ophthalmology.link_to_subscribed_fulltex