5,526 research outputs found
Nonlinear ac stationary response and dynamic magnetic hysteresis of quantum uniaxial superparamagnets
The nonlinear ac stationary response of uniaxial paramagnets and
superparamagnets - nanoscale solids or clasters with spin number S ~ 10^0 -
10^4 - in superimposed uniform ac and dc bias magnetic fields of arbitrary
strength, each applied along the easy axis of magnetization, is determined by
solving the evolution equation for the reduced density matrix represented as a
finite set of three-term differential-recurrence relations for its diagonal
matrix elements. The various harmonic components of the magnetization, dynamic
magnetic hysteresis loops, etc. are then evaluated via matrix continued
fractions indicating a pronounced dependence of the nonlinear response on S
arising from the quantum spin dynamics. In the linear response approximation,
the results concur with existing solutions.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 33 refererence
5-Acetyl[2.2]paracyclophane
The title compound 5-acetyltricyclo[8.2.2.24,7]hexa-deca-4,6,10,12,13,15-hexaene, C18H18O,is the first example of a mono-π-substituted [2.2]paracyclophane to be structurally characterized. The average bending angles are α = 13.2 and β = 9.9°. The distance between the \u27bottoms\u27 of the practically parallel boat-like benzene nuclei is 3.098(2) Å. The π conjugation between the acetyl group and the substituted benzene cycle is negligible (rotation angle ca 45°) because of steric hindrance
The jet-disk symbiosis without maximal jets: 1-D hydrodynamical jets revisited
In this work we discuss the recent criticism by Zdziarski of the maximal jet
model derived in Falcke & Biermann (1995). We agree with Zdziarski that in
general a jet's internal energy is not bounded by its rest-mass energy density.
We describe the effects of the mistake on conclusions that have been made using
the maximal jet model and show when a maximal jet is an appropriate assumption.
The maximal jet model was used to derive a 1-D hydrodynamical model of jets in
agnjet, a model that does multiwavelength fitting of quiescent/hard state X-ray
binaries and low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. We correct algebraic
mistakes made in the derivation of the 1-D Euler equation and relax the maximal
jet assumption. We show that the corrections cause minor differences as long as
the jet has a small opening angle and a small terminal Lorentz factor. We find
that the major conclusion from the maximal jet model, the jet-disk symbiosis,
can be generally applied to astrophysical jets. We also show that isothermal
jets are required to match the flat radio spectra seen in low-luminosity X-ray
binaries and active galactic nuclei, in agreement with other works.Comment: 7 pages, accepted by A&
Orbital roulette: a new method of gravity estimation from observed motions
The traditional way of estimating the gravitational field from observed
motions of test objects is based on the virial relation between their kinetic
and potential energy. We find a more efficient method. It is based on the
natural presumption that the objects are observed at a random moment of time
and therefore have random orbital time phases. The proposed estimator, which we
call "orbital roulette", checks the randomness of the phases. The method has
the following advantages: (1) It estimates accurately Keplerian (point-mass)
potentials as well as non-Keplerian potentials where the unknown gravitating
mass is distributed in space. (2) It is a complete statistical estimator: it
checks a trial potential and accepts it or rules it out with a certain
significance level; the best-fit measurement is thus supplemented with error
bars at any confidence level. (3) It needs no a priori assumptions about the
distribution of orbital parameters of the test bodies. We test our estimator
with Monte-Carlo-generated motions and demonstrate its efficiency. Useful
applications include the Galactic Center, dark-matter halo of the Galaxy, and
clusters of stars or galaxies.Comment: 30 pages, accepted to Ap
Electron-nuclear correlations for photo-induced dynamics in molecular dimers
Ultrafast photoinduced dynamics of electronic excitation in molecular dimers
is drastically affected by the dynamic reorganization of inter- and intra-
molecular nuclear configuration modeled by a quantized nuclear degree of
freedom [Cina et. al, J. Chem Phys. {118}, 46 (2003)]. The dynamics of the
electronic population and nuclear coherence is analyzed by solving the chain of
coupled differential equations for %mean coordinate, population inversion,
electron-vibrational correlation, etc. [Prezhdo, Pereverzev, J. Chem. Phys.
{113} 6557 (2000)]. Intriguing results are obtained in the approximation of a
small change of the nuclear equilibrium upon photoexcitation. In the limiting
case of resonance between the electronic energy gap and the frequency of the
nuclear mode these results are justified by comparison to the exactly solvable
Jaynes-Cummings model. It is found that the photoinduced processes in the model
dimer are arranged according to their time scales: (i) fast scale of nuclear
motion, (ii) intermediate scale of dynamical redistribution of electronic
population between excited states as well as growth and dynamics of
electron-nuclear correlation, (iii) slow scale of electronic population
approach to the quasi-equilibrium distribution, decay of electron-nuclear
correlation, and decrease of the amplitude of mean coordinate oscillation. The
latter processes are accompanied by a noticeable growth of the nuclear
coordinate dispersion associated with the overall nuclear wavepacket width. The
demonstrated quantum relaxation features of the photoinduced vibronic dynamics
in molecular dimers are obtained by a simple method, applicable to systems with
many degrees of freedom
From Prestellar to Protostellar Cores II. Time Dependence and Deuterium Fractionation
We investigate the molecular evolution and D/H abundance ratios that develop
as star formation proceeds from a dense-cloud core to a protostellar core, by
solving a gas-grain reaction network applied to a 1-D radiative hydrodynamic
model with infalling fluid parcels. Spatial distributions of gas and ice-mantle
species are calculated at the first-core stage, and at times after the birth of
a protostar. Gas-phase methanol and methane are more abundant than CO at radii
AU in the first-core stage, but gradually decrease with time,
while abundances of larger organic species increase. The warm-up phase, when
complex organic molecules are efficiently formed, is longer-lived for those
fluid parcels in-falling at later stages. The formation of unsaturated carbon
chains (warm carbon-chain chemistry) is also more effective in later stages;
C, which reacts with CH to form carbon chains, increases in abundance
as the envelope density decreases. The large organic molecules and carbon
chains are strongly deuterated, mainly due to high D/H ratios in the parent
molecules, determined in the cold phase. We also extend our model to simulate
simply the chemistry in circumstellar disks, by suspending the 1-D infall of a
fluid parcel at constant disk radii. The species CHOCH and HCOOCH
increase in abundance in yr at the fixed warm temperature; both
also have high D/H ratios.Comment: accepted to ApJ. 55 pages, 7 figures, 3 table
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