19,864 research outputs found
The Case for Future Hadron Colliders From Decays
Recent measurements in decays are somewhat
discrepant with Standard Model predictions. They may be harbingers of new
physics at an energy scale potentially accessible to direct discovery. We
estimate the sensitivity of future hadron colliders to the possible new
particles that may be responsible for the anomalies: leptoquarks or
s. We consider luminosity upgrades for a 14 TeV LHC, a 33 TeV LHC,
and a 100 TeV collider such as the FCC-hh. Coverage of models
is excellent: for narrow particles, with perturbative couplings that may
explain the -decay results for masses up to 20 TeV, a 33 TeV 1
ab LHC is expected to cover most of the parameter space up to 8 TeV in
mass, whereas the 100 TeV FCC-hh with 10 ab will cover all of it. A
smaller portion of the leptoquark parameter space is covered by future
colliders: for example, in a di-leptoquark search, a 100 TeV 10
ab collider has a projected sensitivity up to leptoquark masses of 12
TeV (extendable to 21 TeV with a strong coupling for single leptoquark
production), whereas leptoquark masses up to 41 TeV may in principle explain
the anomalies.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures. v2: Improved discussion and references added,
version submitted to JHE
Hadron Collider Sensitivity to Fat Flavourful s for
We further investigate the case where new physics in the form of a massive
particle explains apparent measurements of lepton flavour
non-universality in decays. Hadron collider
sensitivities for direct production of such s have been previously
studied in the narrow width limit for a final state. Here, we
extend the analysis to sizeable decay widths and improve the sensitivity
estimate for the narrow width case. We estimate the sensitivities of the high
luminosity 14 TeV Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), a high energy 27 TeV LHC
(HE-LHC), as well as a potential 100 TeV future circular collider (FCC). The
HL-LHC has sensitivity to narrow resonances consistent with the
anomalies. In one of our simplified models the FCC could probe 23 TeV
particles with widths of up to 0.35 of their mass at 95\% confidence
level (CL). In another model, the HL-LHC and HE-LHC cover sizeable portions of
parameter space, but the whole of perturbative parameter space can be covered
by the FCC.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures; v2 Reference
An opioid-like system regulating feeding behavior in C. elegans
Neuropeptides are essential for the regulation of appetite. Here we show that neuropeptides could regulate feeding in mutants that lack neurotransmission from the motor neurons that stimulate feeding muscles. We identified nlp-24 by an RNAi screen of 115 neuropeptide genes, testing whether they affected growth. NLP-24 peptides have a conserved YGGXX sequence, similar to mammalian opioid neuropeptides. In addition, morphine and naloxone respectively stimulated and inhibited feeding in starved worms, but not in worms lacking NPR-17, which encodes a protein with sequence similarity to opioid receptors. Opioid agonists activated heterologously expressed NPR-17, as did at least one NLP-24 peptide. Worms lacking the ASI neurons, which express npr-17, did not response to naloxone. Thus, we suggest that Caenorhabditis elegans has an endogenous opioid system that acts through NPR-17, and that opioids regulate feeding via ASI neurons. Together, these results suggestC. elegans may be the first genetically tractable invertebrate opioid model
Spatio-Temporal Sentiment Hotspot Detection Using Geotagged Photos
We perform spatio-temporal analysis of public sentiment using geotagged photo
collections. We develop a deep learning-based classifier that predicts the
emotion conveyed by an image. This allows us to associate sentiment with place.
We perform spatial hotspot detection and show that different emotions have
distinct spatial distributions that match expectations. We also perform
temporal analysis using the capture time of the photos. Our spatio-temporal
hotspot detection correctly identifies emerging concentrations of specific
emotions and year-by-year analyses of select locations show there are strong
temporal correlations between the predicted emotions and known events.Comment: To appear in ACM SIGSPATIAL 201
The properties of active galaxies at the extreme of eigenvector 1
Eigenvector 1 (EV1) is the formal parameter which allows the introduction of
some order in the properties of the unobscured type 1 active galaxies. We aim
to understand the nature of this parameter by analyzing the most extreme
examples of quasars with the highest possible values of the corresponding
eigenvalues . We selected the appropriate sources from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and performed detailed modeling, including various
templates for the Fe II pseudo-continuum and the starlight contribution to the
spectrum. Out of 27 sources with larger than 1.3 and with the
measurement errors smaller than 20\% selected from the SDSS quasar catalog,
only six sources were confirmed to have a high value of , defined as
being above 1.3. All other sources have of approximately 1. Three
of the high objects have a very narrow H line, below 2100 km
s but three sources have broad lines, above 4500 km s, that do
not seem to form a uniform group, differing considerably in black hole mass and
Eddington ratio; they simply have a very similar EW([OIII]5007) line.
Therefore, the interpretation of the EV1 remains an open issue.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics (in press
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